Programs that support regular cat vaccination have contributed both to cat health and public health.
Currently, there are geographically defined core vaccines and individualized non-core vaccine recommendations for cats. A number of controversies surrounding negative reactions to vaccines have led authorities to revise their guidelines for cat vaccinations.
Video Feline vaccination
Recommended vaccine administration
In 2006 and 2010, revised guidelines addressed concerns about adverse vaccine reactions by altering suggested frequencies, types, methods and locations for core and non-core cat brain vaccines.
General schedule
Most vaccination protocols recommend a series of vaccines for kittens, with booster vaccines given at one year of age. The frequency of subsequent vaccinations varies depending on the lifestyle of the individual cat, including:
- indoor vs. outdoor
- travel plans
- kennel/dormitory plan
- underlying disease conditions
- other exposure risks,
- the disease and the type of vaccine considered.
Because these factors may change over time, many professional organizations recommend annual yearly checks, in which vaccination plans for each cat can be decided during discussions between veterinarians and cat owners.
Type
In their 2010 recommendation, WSAVA (World Animals Association of Animal Animals) emphasizes the importance of providing non-adjuvant vaccines whenever possible, since vaccines that include these immune-stimulating agents have been shown to increase adverse pet vaccine reactions in pets..
Frequency
WSAVA also prefers serological testing rather than unnecessary boosters or re-vaccinates core vaccines after the initial 12 months of booster following a cat series of modified live virus vaccines [MLV]. This is because the core vaccine shows a very good correlation between the presence of antibodies and protective immunity to disease, and has a long DOI (Duration of Immunity). An antibody test can be used to demonstrate DOI after vaccination with the core vaccine, although not for non-core vaccines.
Method
Most vaccines are given by subcutaneous (under the skin) or intramuscular (into the muscle) injection. Vaccinations of respiratory diseases can be given intra-nasally (in the nose) in some cases.
Location
Many recent protocols suggest that vaccines should be given in certain areas to: facilitate identification of which vaccine causes adverse reactions, and facilitate the removal of vaccine-related sarcomas.
In North America, veterinarians adopt the practice of injecting certain limbs as far as possible from the body, for example the back is precisely for rabies, behind left for leukemia, and the other on the right front shoulder - be careful to avoid midline or interscapular spaces.
This set of sites is not widely adopted outside North America, and the WSAVA international group makes new recommendations for vaccines:
- on the subcutaneous (and not intramuscular) site
- on the lateral or abdominal thoraxes (to facilitate the FISS excision occurring)
- so as to avoid the interscapular or intercostal areas (as wider surgical resection would be necessary for sarcoma)
- on different sites at any given time (either with the per-species public location per year or the diagram where it was given on special visits)
Core vaccine
The core vaccine is defined as a vaccine that all cats, regardless of the circumstances, should accept it. The core vaccine protects animals from serious, life-threatening disease that has a global distribution.
Rabies (disputed)
The latest North American (2006) recommendation still includes rabies in the core vaccine. Likewise, the US National Association of Veterinary Public Veterinarians (NASPHV) in the US provides detailed guidance on how to deal with what they describe as a serious public health problem, and includes useful tables, summarizing all of the rabies vaccines sold in the US.
However, international WSAVA 2010 recommendations generally consider the rabies vaccine as a non-core vaccine, except in areas where the disease is endemic or if required by law.
FVR or FHV-1/FCV/FPV
In many locations, the rabies vaccine is accompanied by an injection of a combined FVRCP vaccine that protects against Feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia.
- Feline rhodotracheitis (FVR) is a cat's upper respiratory infection, also known as feline influenza , caused by a cat's herpesvirus (FHV-1). FVR is highly contagious and can cause severe illness, including deaths from pneumonia in young kittens. Feline calicivirus (FCV), in addition to FHV-1, is the cause of other respiratory viral infections in cats.
- Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), better known as feline distemper, is caused by feline parvovirus, a close relative of the canine parvovirus. It's not related to dog distemper. Panleukopenia is highly contagious and can be fatal.
Non-core vaccines
Non-core vaccines are those that are only needed by animals whose local geographic, environmental or lifestyle places them at risk of contracting certain infections.
- Except in areas where the disease is endemic or if required by law, the VGG considers the rabies vaccine as non-core.
- Chlamydophila felis: sometimes used as part of a control regime for cats in many cats environments where infections associated with clinical disease have been confirmed.
- Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus that is transmitted between infected cats when saliva transfer or nasal secretions are involved, for example when sharing food. If not defeated by the animal's immune system, the virus can be deadly. If given, it should be injected at the tip of the left leg (except combined with rabies).
- Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), commonly known as Feline AIDS is a lentivirus that affects pet cats all over the world. FeLV and FIV are in the same biological family, and are sometimes mistaken for each other. However, the virus differs in many ways. Although many diseases caused by FeLV and FIV are similar, certain ways that cause them are also different. However, the vaccine against the disease is not available in all countries.
- For cats that are expected to ride, be shown, or enter a dog cage situation within 6 months, the veterinarian can recommend the administration of Bordetella, which protects again respiratory disease commonly known as "kennel cough." However, studies have not shown these products to reduce the severity of the respiratory disease complex.
Not recommended vaccines
The following vaccines are not recommended because of the lack of evidence of effectiveness or the likelihood of a high negative reaction. Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal and incurable disease caused by Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIPV), which is a mutation of Feline Enteric Coronavirus (FECV/FeCoV). Mutated viruses can attack and grow in certain white blood cells, the macrophages. The immune system's response causes an intense inflammatory reaction in the tissues that it contains. The disease is generally fatal. But the incidence rate is roughly 1 in 5000 for households with one or two cats.
Maps Feline vaccination
Controversy
In recent years, vaccination has become a controversial topic among veterinarians and pet owners. The study cites certain adverse reactions and the general consequences for long-term health and immunity both cause professional bodies to recommend reducing the frequency of cat vaccinations.
In 2010, the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) and the American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP) developed a vaccination guide recommending that FVRCP vaccination is generally given every 3 years, after the completion of a series of kitten shots (required due to maternal antibodies) disorder).
Internationally, the 2010 Animal Veterinary Guidelines 2010 The Animal Association (WSAVA) 2010 reduces the number of vaccines that should be considered as the core for felines, as well as recommends administration of less frequent vaccines.
However, in an open letter to WSAVA, an Australian pet owner and a longtime consumer adviser has created detailed criticisms of this guideline, with many scientific citations, on the grounds that a 3-year booster or re-vaccination recommendation is either arbitrary or influenced. by the vaccine manufacturer. He cites scientific findings from both WSAVA and other prominent researchers, which show that, similar to humans, duration of immunity (DOI) for cats vaccinated early in life with MLV (living modified virus) is years, if not the whole of an adult , despite the general practice of "boosting" vaccines every 1 to 3 years.
In the executive summary section, the WSAVA guidelines totally oppose unnecessary vaccinations and support the "development and use of simple tests in practice for the determination of seroconversions (antibodies) after vaccination." In addition, they also note that "Vaccines should not be given in vain.Core vaccine should not be given more often than every three years after booster injection 12 months after the dog/cat series, because the duration of immunity (DOI) is years and possibly up to the lifetime of pets. "Open letter criticism focuses on a less nuanced summary of this recommendation in the Table given for vaccination guidelines, which may imply that re-vaccination should occur every 3 years.
Adverse reactions
Veterinarians and owners should also consider factors that have been shown to increase the risk of adverse vaccine reactions. Examples of such factors include:
- age,
- the number of vaccinations per office visit,
- the type or material of the vaccine itself, The
- castrated status,
- cat health in general,
- and previous vaccination history.
See also
- ATCvet QI06 Immunology for felidae (ATCvet code list for feline vaccine)
References
External links
- Vaccination Guidelines Group (VGG) Association of Small Animal World Animals (WSAVA) (2010). "Vaccination guidelines for owners and breeders of dogs and cats" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) in 2013-06-26 . Retrieved 2013-08-19 .
- Horzinek, MC (2010). "Protocol vaccination for animal companion: vet's point of view". Journal of Comparative Pathology . Suppl 1: S129-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.11.001. PMIDÃ, 19954796 . Retrieved 2012-08-26 .
- AVMA Vaccination Principle
- Vexing Vaccine Issue from JAVMA News
- Cat Vaccine: The Benefits and Risks of the Combined Sarcoma Task Force Vaccine
- Cat Vaccination and Health Care Schedule
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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