Lili Ilse Elvenes (28 December 1882 - 13 September 1931), better known as the Lili Elbe , was a Danish transgender woman and one of the first recipients of the sex change operation identified. Elbe was born
Video Lili Elbe
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It is generally believed that Elbe was born in 1882, in Vejle, Denmark. The year of his birth is sometimes declared as 1886, which seems to stem from a book about him that has some facts altered to protect the identity of the people involved. The fact of the life of Elbe's wife, Gerda Gottlieb, shows that the date of 1882 was true, when they married when in college in 1904, when he was only eighteen when the date of 1886 was true.
It is possible that Elbe is an intersex, although it has been debated. Some reports indicate that he already has an ovary that is not perfect in his stomach and he may suffer from Klinefelter's syndrome.
Maps Lili Elbe
Marriage and modeling
Elbe met Gerda Gottlieb while they were students at the Danish Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen, and they were married in 1904, when Gottlieb was 19 and Elbe was 22 years old. They work as illustrators, with Elbe specializing in landscape paintings, while Gottlieb illustrates fashion books and magazines. They traveled through Italy and France, eventually settling in Paris in 1912, where Elbe could live as a woman, and Gottlieb was identified as a lesbian. Elbe received a Neuhausens prize in 1907 and exhibited at Kunstnernes EfterÃÆ'  ¥ rsudstilling (Artists Fall Exhibition), at the Vejle Art Museum, and in Saloon and Salon d'Automme in Paris. He is represented at the Vejle Art Museum in Denmark.
Elbe began wearing women's clothing after filling for his absence Gottlieb model; he was asked to wear stockings and heels so that his feet could replace the existing in the model. Elbe was comfortable with the clothes and began to identify as a woman. Over time, Gottlieb became famous for his painting of a beautiful woman with an almond-shaped eye decorated with chic underwear. In 1913, an unsuspecting public was shocked to learn that the model that had inspired Gottlieb's portrayal of petites femmes fatales was Elbe.
In the 1920s and 1930s, Elbe was regularly featured as a woman, attending various festivities and entertaining guests in her home. One of the things he likes to do is disappear into the streets of Paris in the joyful crowd during Carnival, wearing modeling modes. Elbe is sometimes introduced by Gottlieb as his own brother when he wears a woman's outfit. Only his closest friends knew after he transitioned.
Operation and dissolution of marriage
In 1930, Elbe went to Germany for a sex change operation, which was very experimental at the time. A series of four operations performed over two years. The first surgery, the removal of testicles, was made under the supervision of sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld in Berlin. The rest of Elbe's surgery was performed by Kurt Warnekros, a doctor at the Dresden City Women's Clinic. The second operation is to implant the ovaries into the abdominal muscles, the third to lift the penis and scrotum, and the fourth to transplant the uterus and build the vaginal canal.
At the time of Elbe's last operation, his case had become a sensation in Danish and German newspapers. The Danish court canceled the couple's marriage in October 1930, and Elbe managed to obtain the sex and legally altered name, including receiving a passport as Lili Ilse Elvenes . He stopped painting, believing it to be something that was part of Einar's identity. After the dissolution of their marriage, Elbe returned to Dresden for his fourth operation.
Elbe became the second transgender woman who underwent Gohrbandt's vaginoplasty technique in 1931, after Dora Richter underwent the same procedure. Castration and penectomy have been performed by Dr. Ludwig Levy-Lenz (1889-1966) the year before. This startup sometimes causes confusion over the date of its assignment operation. Gohrbandt's operation deliberately left the remains of the intact scrotum, with the intent to modify this into a later labia, but for no apparent reason, he did not perform any further procedures on his own. In contrast, the Elvenes case was taken over by Dr. Kurt Warnekros (1882-1949), at the Dresden Women's Clinic. Here, the subsequent surgical labiaplasty and revision caused, at the age of pre-antibiotics, Elbe's death from infection in September 1931.
The burning of ritual books at the Institute for Sexual Research by Nazi students in May 1933, the destruction of the Dresden Women's Clinic and his record in the Allied bombing attack in February 1945, and the myth-making process itself has left the gaps and inconsistencies of the Lili Elbe narrative that may never be resolved.
Death
Elbe started a relationship with a French art dealer, Claude Lejeune, whom he wanted to marry and with whom he wanted to have children. She looks forward to her last surgery involving a uterine transplant.
In June 1931, Elbe underwent surgery consisting of uterine cultivation and vaginal development, both of which were new and experimental procedures at the time. His immune system rejected the transplanted uterus, and he developed an infection. He died on September 13, 1931, three months after surgery, a heart attack caused by an infection.
Elbe is buried at Trinitatisfriedhof in Dresden. The grave was leveled in the 1960s. In April 2016, a new tombstone was unveiled, financed by Focus Features, a production company of The Danish Girl .
In popular culture
Copenhagen LGBT MIX film festival delivers four "Lili" awards named Elbe.
In 2000, David Ebershoff wrote The Danish Girl , a fictional account about the life of Elbe. It is an international bestseller and is translated into a dozen languages. In 2015, this film was made into a film, also called The Danish Girl , produced by Gail Mutrux and Neil LaBute and starring Eddie Redmayne as the Elbe. This film was well received at the Venice Film Festival in September 2015, although it has been criticized for the casting of a man cisgender to play a transgender woman. Both the novel and the film it removes topics including sexuality Gottlieb, as evidenced by the subject in its erotic images, and the disintegration of the relationship Gottlieb and Elbe after their cancellation.
References
Further reading
- Men become women: authentic records of sex change /Lili Elbe; edited by Niels Hoyer [i.e. E. Harthern] Ã,; translated from German by H.J. StenningÃ,; introduction. by Norman Haire. - London, Jarrold Publisher's 1933 (Original Danish ed. Published in 1931 under the title: Fra mand til Kvinde. The next edition of Men become women: a sex change first, a portrait of Lili Elbe - The true and remarkable transformation of the painter Einar Wegener. - London, Blue Boat Books, 2004.
- Schnittmuster des Geschlechts. Transvestitismus TranssexualitÃÆ'¤t und in der frÃÆ'¼hen Sexualwissenschaft by Dr. Rainer Herrn (2005), pp.Ã, 204-211. ISBN 3-89806-463-8. The German study contains detailed reports on Lili Elbe's operations, their preparation and the role of Magnus Hirschfeld.
- Ã, Â »Wie zu einem Lili richtigen MÃÆ'¤dchen wurdeÃ, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, Ã, - Lili Elbe: Zur Konstruktion von Geschlecht und Identify zwischen Medialisierung, Regulierung und Subjecttivierung by Sabine Meyer (2015), ISBN 978 -3-8376- 3180-7.
- "When a woman painted a woman"/Andrea Rygg Karberg and "Transwoman woman as model and creator: resistance and turn into a reversed Lili Elbe"/Tobias Raun at Gerda Wegener/edited by Andrea Rygg Karberg... [et al.]. - Denmark, Arken Museum of Modern Art, 2015.
External links
- Lili Elbe at Biography.com
- Lili Elbe on the LGBT History Month
- Sabine Meyer: Mit dem Puppenwagen in Normative Weiblichkeit. Lili Elbe und die journalistische Inszenierung von TranssexualitÃÆ'¤t at DÃÆ'¤nemark. In: NORDEUROPAforum 20 (2010: 1-2), 33-61. Articles in German scientific journals
- Represented in ARKEN Museum of Modern Art exhibition Gerda Wegener 7. November 2015 til 8. January 2017
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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