The Lincoln Town Car is a suite of large-sized luxury sedan models marketed by Lincoln division of American automaker Ford Motor Company from 1981 to 2011. Taking its board from a limousine body style, Lincoln Town Car first appeared on 1959 as a rare sub-model of Continental, returning as Lincoln's lineup from 1969 to 1980. Following the revised Lincoln line model, Lincoln Town Car became a different product line for 1981, replacing Continental.
Lincoln Town Cars are produced in three generations, each based on the Panther Ford platform. Sharing chassis and mechanical components with Mercury Grand Marquis and Crown Victoria (LTD), all examples are rear wheel drive. Offered almost exclusively as a four-door sedan through its production, a two-door sedan was only offered in 1981.
Although marketed mainly in the United States and Canada, Town Car sees exports worldwide. From 1980 to 2007, Lincoln Town Car was assembled at Wixom Assembly, in Wixom, Michigan, in addition to Lincoln Continental, Lincoln LS, Mark VI, Mark VII, and Mark VIII. After the closing of Wixom Assembly, the production of Town Car was moved to St. Thomas Assembly in Southwold, Ontario, Canada, with Ford Crown Victoria and Mercury Grand Marquis. In 2011, the third production platform Panther vehicle ends when the St. Thomas ended production in September 2011.
Video Lincoln Town Car
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Etimologi
In the 1920s, city cars were a kind of limousine that gained popularity among car buyers. In French, this term basically translates to "sedan de Ville" (Cadillac's main rival to Lincoln Continental from the 1950s to the 1990s). The city car design features an open driver compartment with a fixed or convertible roof for rear passengers. In 1922, Edsel Ford bought Lincoln L-Series city car that was built specifically as a private vehicle for his father, Henry Ford.
Continental City Car
In the 1950s, Cadillac and Lincoln introduced the de Ville/Town Car nameplate; However, the design path taken by each company varies.
While the Cadillac set the de Ville series as a hardtop and sedan coupe, in 1959, Town Car was introduced as a limousine variant of the four-door Continental Mark IV sedan. In place of standard Mark IV inverted slashes, the Town Car was given a formal profile to the roofline with a padded vinyl base (one of the first cars to do so). Due to its formal nature, all Continental Town Cars are sold in black. In addition to the formal style, the roofline is designed for the ability to add rear legroom without extending the wheelbase distance, allowing the rear seats to be shifted several inches back.
Since only 214 Continental City Cars were sold from 1959 to 1960, nameplate became inactive for a decade, becoming an option for 1969; As a substitute for the sub-model, Town Car returns as a trim package. As part of the 1950's 1950s Lincoln Continental design, Lincoln Continental Town Car trim made its comeback ("Continental's Town Car Interior Option", to quote from the 1970 luxury catalog), remaining until 1980. As a package of options, Continental Town Cars featured equipment additional standards and extra luxury interior (Media velor cloth).
In most of the 1970-1979 Lincoln Continental Town Cars, the vinyl peak covered the half-roof, behind the B-pillars (though the roof remained above the driver remained). To suggest partitioning, the resulting molding of sweeping the roof is added, featuring the coach lights. As an option, some models of the Town Car feature a long full roof. From 1973 to 1981, two-door Continental Continentals were available with a similar option called Lincoln Continental Town Coupe '.
Maps Lincoln Town Car
First generation (1981-1989)
Having lagged behind its rivals since 1977, Lincoln became America's last luxury brand to market a downsized full-size car for the 1980 model. Along with the redesigned Continental Continental and the new Continental Mark VI, Continental City Car and Town Coupe continued as a line over the Lincoln Continental line, placed under Mark VI. Although technically not Lincoln, to reduce development and production, Mark VI shares the chassis and many parts of its body with Lincoln Continental.
After selling three versions of the same vehicle for 1980, Lincoln began restructuring its model line for 1981. Lincoln Continental wore a hiatus for the model year, with a nameplate shifted to a mid-size sedan that was introduced as an early model in 1982. The flagship of Mark VI remained undergoing a cycle its model, as its successor (1984 Mark VII) is intended as a completely different vehicle.
As a full-size Lincoln is left, Lincoln Continental Town Car revived Lincoln Town Car for 1981 (Town Coupe nameplate dropped for two doors).
Chassis
Lincoln Continental/Town Car from 1980 to 1989 utilized the Panther platform used with Ford and Mercury. Pending to the 1980 model due to engineering problems, the Panther platform will give Continental/Town Car a radically different exterior dimension than its predecessor. Despite being extended three inches in wheelbase over the Ford/Mercury/Mark VI coupe counterparts, Lincoln 1980-1989 will have the shortest wheelbase ever used for the full size of Lincoln at the time (10 inches shorter than its predecessor 1979 and shorter than Mercedes -Benz 380SEL). The 1980 Continental/Town Car is the shortest Lincoln since Versailles. For the benefit of fuel economy and handling, the Panther chassis reduces weight to 1400 pounds over the heavyest version of Lincolns full-size 1970-1979; The lightest full-size Lincoln in 40 years, the Continental/Town Car 1980 came in at less than  £ 200 from the curb weight of Versailles.
The new Panther platform allows for advancements in suspension geometry and many upgrades are made to power steering. With improved handling and overall size reduction, Town Car features improved driving combined with better overall road behavior. Compared to its GM counterparts and its predecessor Lincoln, the new generation Lincoln offers more agile maneuvers, as well as reduced rotational diameters of up to 8 feet (compared to Continental Lincoln 1979). In an effort to improve handling, Lincoln added gas pressure shocks to the City Car in 1984.
In order for the division to achieve the fuel economy target mandated by the federal government through CAFE, Ford abandoned the use of 400 and 460 large blocks of V8 in its full-size car. For the year 1980, a 130 hp 4.9L V8 (302 Windsor, marketed as 5.0L V8) was the standard engine, becoming the first fuel injected V8 in North America. 140 hp 351 V8 is available as an option. Following the introduction of Lincoln Town Car in 1981, 5.0L V8 became the only available machine (with 351 being an option for Ford and Mercury). In Canada, 5.0L V8 remained rust by 1985. In 1986, 5.0L V8 was revised to 150 hp, following the redesign of fuel injection systems with the introduction of sequential multi-port fuel injection. This machine is easily distinguished from the cast aluminum top manifold with a horizontal throttle body (vertical throttle plate); this replaces the traditional throttle body with an air purifier mounted on the top of the carburetor previously used.
Introduced at Lincoln Continental for the 1980s and marketed on all Panther platform vehicles in 1981, Lincoln Town Car was equipped with a 4D-speed overdrive automatic transmission, a single transmission from 1981-1989 example. All Town Cars from 1980 to 1989 featured an optional towing tower package that includes: dual exhaust, 3.55: 1 differential slip differential ('K' code) and enhanced cooling package for engine and transmission.
Body
Exterior
During the late 1970s, Lincoln Continental sales remained stable and Continental Mark V will continue to outperform its Cadillac Eldorado partners. In the development of Lincoln Town Car, the Lincoln Continental design theme of 1977-1979 and Mark V will both affect the exterior design of the Continental/Town Car 1980. Like its predecessor, Town Car has an almost flat body, sharp-eyed fender, and radiator-style grille. In a large departure, the headlights hidden provide a way to get a halogen headlamp (the first on a full-size Lincoln since 1969). Others include full-framed glass doors (a ventilation window that can be opened now standard); in sharp contrast to its Ford and Mercury counterparts, a matte black window frame painted. While the chrome trim remains around the headlights and window frames, in a break from the Lincoln tradition, it is removed from the top of the fender. Although mechanically similar to Ford LTD and Mercury Marquis (Ford LTD Crown Victoria and Mercury Grand Marquis after 1983), Lincoln Town Car shares a body panel that looks only with Continental Mark VI. In contrast to Ford's counterparts, Mercury, and Mark VI, the 1981-1989 City Roof line features a quarter-vertical window on the C-pillars.
After only 4,935 two-door Town Cars were sold in 1981, the bodystyle was discontinued for 1982, making it one of the rarest versions of Ford's Panther-chassis. In the transition from rebadging Continental to Lincoln Town Car for 1981, Lincoln replaced the "Continental" badge above the headlamps with "Town Car", which was removed in 1984.
A soft roof is standard equipment in all Town Cars, with the design determined by the trim level. In standard City Trim Cars, full-length leather vinyl coverings with center-mounted coach lights are installed. For Signature Series and Cartier trim, coated vinyl coach roof (covering the back of the roof) with the opening of the lacquered (smaller) rear window mounted; Coach roof is also an option on Town Cars trim standard. In non-Cartier Town Cars, the long cloth (canvas) roof is an option; imitate the convertible display, design removes the C-pillar quarter windows.
During the 1980s, Lincoln Town Car will experience some exterior revisions. For 1985, this model was given a mid-cycle facelift. In addition to (slightly) improving its aerodynamics, the design is intended to shorten the visual of the car (although the length is essentially unchanged). Rear and redesigned front bumper, better integrate them into the bodywork. Redesigned rear fascia; distinguished by redesigned taillamps, more integrated trunklid with rear fenders. For 1986, to comply with federal regulations, a central brake light was added in the rear window. For 1988, the grille was updated with a metal-brushed panel between taillamps, which now featured upside-down lights.
The 1989 model is distinguished by special trim features including black satin paint for lattice grid, trim between headlights, and amber front parking lights (not clear). The "Lincoln" front-end badging is moved from the top left of the lamp to the grille and transforms into a large sans-serif script. At the rear, brushed-metal panels are finished with lines and all badges are moved from panel to trunk lid. All models have a landau roof with a smaller and more formal "french" back window. All non-Cartier models also include the Lincoln "star" emblem embedded in their opera windows
Interior
The interior of Lincoln Town Car featured many sophisticated luxury options of its time. Signature Series and Cartier models feature 6-way power seats (and rear seat backrest manuals) for drivers and front passengers; Lincoln Town Car adopted a separate front seat seat previously seen on the Mark coupe. Some electronic features include an optional digital-display travel computer that shows "miles to empty" drivers and (based on driver inputs) and "estimated arrival time". Keypad keyless keypad entry system unlocks the vehicle through a 5-digit combination (factory-programmed or programmed by the owner). Installed above the driver's door handle, the keypad allows the driver to lock all four doors; after entering the code, the driver can unlock the door or release the trunklid. Along with keyfob-based systems, the keypad system is still used on Ford and Lincoln vehicles (in 2017).
As part of the 1985 renewal, Lincoln Town Car was the first Ford vehicle to feature a CD player as an option (as part of JBL 12-speaker premium stereo system); Instead, 1984 was the last year for an 8-track player option and CB radio for Town Car.
In functional changes, the horn button is moved from the signal change lever to the steering wheel hub. To update the interior trim, the door trim is converted from wood into a coating that matches the seat. For 1986, the front seat head restraints were replaced with a higher 4-way articulation design; walnut burl trim replaced much of the satin black trim on the lower dash. For 1988, the instrument cluster was updated; for Town Cars with analog gauges, the instrument panel is rotated round in square bezel shape. In addition, new wood trims are added to the dashboard and steering wheel
Crop
At the 1980 launch, Lincoln Town Car was offered in two trim levels, standard trim/ground and Lincoln Town Car Signature Series (the name shared with Mark VI, albeit with less exclusive features). In 1982, Lincoln adopted the tradition of Series Series Series Series Designers when the Cartier Edition was shifted from Mark VI to the City Car, becoming the top level; The Cartier edition will remain part of the Town Car path through the 2003 model year.
Special edition
Cartier Designer Edition
In 1982, in a trim level shift, the Cartier Edition was moved from the Mark Series to Lincoln Town Car. As before, the special edition package consists of exterior colors and interior design that are coordinated exclusively, with embroidered Cartier logos in place of Lincoln's "star" emblem on the seats. For 1987, the package underwent a redesign with a new coating design and a new two-tone beam (metallic beige) was added in addition to traditional platinum silver and two-tone white arctic.
Sail America Commemorative Edition
The 1987 special edition Signature Series series is white with a blue hopper roof and has a white interior with blue piping and special badges. Ford Motor Company is one of the sponsors of the syndicate company "Sail America Foundation", owner of the 1987 American Cup winner yacht Stars & amp; Stripes 87.
Special Edition
The 1988 Town Car Signature Series is available with $ 2,461 'Special Edition Package', which includes a train roof (providing convertible top view), wire-spoke aluminum wheels, JBL audio system, leather-wrapped steering wheel and leather upholstery with contrasting color pipes. It replaces Gucci's proposed Town Car edition already in the works.
Marketing
For the 1985 model, Cadillac Sedan de Ville and Fleetwood, the traditional rivals of Lincoln Town Car, shifted to the front-wheel drive platform, becoming smaller than Lincoln Continental. At that time, Lincoln marketed a larger Town Car as a selling point.
In response to the downsized Cadillac, Lincoln introduced a series of ads at the end of 1985 titled "The Valet" depicting parking attendants having difficulty distinguishing Cadillacs from Buick (Electras) and Oldsmobiles (Ninety-Eight) low, with the question "Is that Cadillac?" answered with the answer "No, this is Oldsmobile... or Buick." In the end the Lincoln owner will appear with the line "The Lincoln Town Car please." Commercial campaigns saw the appearance of a new line of ads for the brand, "Lincoln, what is a luxury car." Used in the 1990s.
While Town Car retained its traditional layout and large size, fuel prices fell to new lows at the time, and the operating economy became less of a buyer concern than a decade earlier. Second generation (1990-1997) Second generation (1990-1997)
After ten years on the market (nine of them as Town Car) relatively unchanged, Lincoln Town Car was given an extensive redesign inside and out, which was launched on 5 October 1989 as a 1990 model. In a move to bring a new generation of buyers to the brand Lincoln, Town Car adopted a much more contemporary image, making it in line with Continental and Mark VII. In addition, the Town Car adopted a new set of safety and luxury features and will mark the debut powertrain that will see usage across Ford Motor Company vehicles.
Second generation City car is a tremendous sales success and became one of the bestselling luxury sedans in the US. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Town Car sales regularly exceeded 100,000 units with 120,121 Town Cars sold in 1994 alone. Following the 1996 shutdown of Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham by General Motors, Lincoln Town Car became the longest regular production sedan sold in the United States.
The Town Car diberi nama 1990 Motor Tren Mobil of the Year.
Development
Second-generation Town cars developed from 1985 to 1989 under the codename FN36, costing $ 650 million USD, led by project manager John Jay. After downsizing to the Panther platform in 1980, Lincoln Town Car was originally scheduled to stop midway through the decade and be replaced by a smaller front-wheel drive sedan; after the 1979 fuel crisis, gasoline prices were predicted to reach $ 2.50 per gallon and Ford Motor Company had lost $ 1.5 billion for 1980. However, in 1984, Lincoln's full-size sales had increased rapidly, with sales up 1984 300% over 1980s. In the early 1980s, instead of ending the Lincoln Town Car product cycle, Ford's product planners instead chose its mid-size drive platform (Ford Taurus) to become the next generation Lincoln Continental.
In August 1985, Ford designers began sketching and building clay models of competing designs under the main designers Gale Halderman and Ford Group vice president Jack Telnack, with the final design chosen in May 1986; two full-scale proposals (1: 1) reviewed by a four-member design committee, led by CEO Donald Petersen, Jack Telnack, Ford President Harold Poling, and William Clay Ford, vice chairman. Various proposals are considered, ranging from the conservative renewal of the existing Town Car to the European-style body in the Lincoln Continental 1988 design language (FN-9, designed in 1984).
The final compromise of the committee sought to preserve the Town Car identity (thus avoiding repeating Cadillac errors) while introducing contemporary vehicles for the 1990s. For the benefit of fuel economy, Lincoln Town Car is required to be more aerodynamic (reduce wind noise), but the key parts of the design are integrated into the design, with radiator-style grille, chrome trim, and opera windows. In major design constraints, the design team does not make substantial reductions in size to the Town Car, preserving the interior space and large luggage as a major marketing point for buyers.
In 1984, the second factor driving the design of the FN36 project began, when the United States government introduced regulations mandating passive restrictions on vehicles manufactured after 1 September 1989; along with an auto safety belt, as a necessity, the automaker began reconsidering the use of airbags as a passive restraint. In 1988, double airbags remained virtually unused in cars sold in the United States, with the exception of Mercedes S-Class (W126) and Porsche 944. To comply with the law, Lincoln introduced Continental 1988 with dual airbags, becoming the first Ford Motor Company (and the first vehicles produced domestically) to their standards. When adding airbags to City Car from 1988 to 1989 will require the redesign of the steering column and the entire dashboard, the double airbag is moved to the FN36 project, making it the standard feature intended.
By the time the FN36 project was launched in 1985, to extend the life of the Town Car, Lincoln-Mercury started a number of advertisements that insinuated the newly introduced Cadillac 1986 model line, making them indistinguishable from Buick, Pontiac and Oldsmobile. Although downsizing Cadillac initially boosted sales, the Lincoln-Mercury advertising campaign diverted many buyers to Town Car and Continental, with over 200,000 Town cars sold in 1988.
In March 1986, a design freeze for the project took place, commencing production in mid 1989. The second-generation Lincoln Town Car will be the first domestically engineered Ford vehicle built outside the company and built by foreign suppliers, with Brighton International Automotive Design, Britain handles engineering, while Japan-based Ogihara Iron Works supplies all City Cars body panels from its own factory near the Wixom plant. To improve the quality of the prototype, the project manager broke from the precedent of the automotive industry, requiring handmade prototypes built for quality production levels, to determine the location and cause of specific problems of tooling and manufacturing. From 1988 to 1989, Town Car will change from over a year behind its production date to two weeks ahead of schedule.
Chassis
To lower the development and production costs of an extensive redesign, Ford Motor Company maintains the Panther platform for Lincoln Town Car, continuing the use of rear-wheel drive. In major changes, the rear air suspension (introduced as an option for all three Panther vehicles in 1988) became standard equipment in all Town Cars. For 1990, Town Car was produced with an 11 inch rear drum brake (identical to its predecessor in 1989); for 1991, they were replaced by a solid 10-inch rear disc brake.
Due to developmental delay in the Modular engine program, Lincoln Town Car 1990 was released with the same powertrain as its predecessor: 150 hp 5.0L (4.9L) V8 with AOD overdrive 4-speed automatic. In October 1990, 5.0L V8 was replaced by 190 hp 4.6L SOHC Modular V8 for the 1991 model; for 1994, the optional dual-exhaust version of the 210-hp engine became the standard. Divided by the Ford Crown Victoria and Mercury Grand Marquis, the 4.6L Modular V8 SOHC version will be used in a number of other Ford vehicles in Ford's light truck line, which is still produced until 2014. For 1993, the AOD transmission was converted into electronic operations, becoming AOD-E. In 1995, along with a mid-refresh cycle, Town Car received a torque of 4R70W higher than Lincoln Mark VIII.
Body
The second-generation Lincoln Town Car was designed by Gale Halderman and Ford Group Jack Telnack's Vice President of Design.
Exterior
In a redesign for the 1990 model year, the Lincoln stylist searched for a completely new design for Town Car. To bring Town Car into the 1990s, many traditional Lincoln style gestures are remarkably reworked or completely abandoned. Although Town Car will retain its formal notch roof sedan, the flat fenders and angular lines seen since the Continentals and Mark IIIs in the late 1960s disappeared. In their attempt to give Town Car a more aerodynamic body than its predecessor, the stylist cut the drag coefficient from 0.46 to 0.36 (corresponding to Continental 1988 and outperformed Mark VII). Though much slimmer than its 1980s counterpart, 1990 Town Car retains some styling influences, including vertical taillights, radiator-style grille, hood ornaments, alloy wheels, and vertical C-pillar windows. In a move to market Town Car toward contemporary buyers of vehicles, several other changes were made. Although two-tone paint remains available (featuring a lower body accent color in gray), the monotonic paint scheme will become increasingly standard. In big changes, vinyl roofing is no longer offered, because vinyl roofs are declining in popularity among many buyers. The scraped aluminum wheels were dropped from the list of options for 1990, while the wire locking wheel was maintained until 1992.
At the end of 1992, the exterior was given a small update with a new grille and a slightly redesigned tail light lens (distinguished by the "draft" pattern for the 1993 model.) Like the Crown Victoria and Grand Marquis, the Town Car received a larger update to the 1995 model on end of 1994. This facelift is best differentiated by the removal of a quarter fixed glass at the rear door along with the redesign of the side mirror (enlarged and transformed into body color).Although the bumper remains largely unchanged, the front fascia is updated as the headlamp cluster is transformed into a lens design clear and separate from the grille The grille was redesigned, returned to the 1990-1992 design in a closer surround fitting to the body.The rear fascia saw the trim between redesigned tail lights, featuring additional walking lights, while the backlights were removed from the outer edge of the reflector panel to the middle, under the cover cover (similar to the 1985-1987 model).
Interior
In the departures of Lincoln Continental and Mark VII, the use of the Panther platform requires the level of component sharing with Ford and Mercury counterparts. Although equipped with its own seat and door panels, Town Car fitted the same dashboard as the Mercury Grand Marquis (a version with a digital instrument retaining the instrument panel layout from 1988-1989). In 1993, the wood trim was converted into orange walnut. Due to its popularity (and to better separate Town Car from its Ford/Mercury counterpart), the digital instrument panel is standardized; thus, the climate-control system is transformed into a digital display.
As part of the mid-1995 cyclical refreshment, the interior was undergoing a greater degree of change than the exterior. To deliver the latest design (and in line with the rest of the Lincoln line), dashboards and door panels feature curved designs, while influenced by Mark VIII, the 6-passenger Town Car design obstructs the implementation of center console in the interior. To improve storage space, the dual center armrest of the front seats on the Signature and Cartier models was redesigned to include storage compartments (for storing cassettes and optional cell phones). The dashboard design continues into a new door panel, now with an illuminated power window and seat cluster chassis, and the backlit door lock switch is placed higher up the door. The release for luggage and fuel doors was moved from the dashboard to the driver's lower door. The redesigned seat pattern now offers the available drivers and front passenger electric hot features. The radio antenna is integrated into the rear window. Although basic interior controls remain common across all Panther vehicles, the Town Car acquires a model-specific instrument panel, featuring a skewed reading.
For 1996, climate control was redesigned again; while the Cartier Designer Edition features original wood trims on the dashboard and door panels. In 1997, some changes were made: the rear center armrest added a pair of cup holders, while the Cartier model obtained a rear-seat makeup mirror mounted on the headliner.
Crop
After redesign in October 1989, Lincoln Town Car carries three previous trim levels: base, Signature Series, and Cartier Designer Edition. For 1991, the baseline was renamed to the Executive Series. From 1989 to 1996, Lincoln Town Car was available with a factory tow pack.
The Base (Executive Series from 1991MY so on) Town Car offers six passenger seats with two bench seats, four AM/FM stereo speakers with cassette player, 6-way front seats, 4-speed automatic overdrive transmission, surface fabric seating, twelve inches, dashboard clock, and keyless entry with Ford SecuriCode keyless keypad entry.
The Signature Series adds a cluster of digital vacuum fluorescent instruments, travel computers, standard alloy wheels, and imitation convertible roofing (optional). The Cartier Edition features the same features as the Signature Series, adding JBL branded sound systems with amplifiers, security systems, spoked alloy wheels, and other exclusive details, such as cloth and leather seats. In departure from tradition, starting in 1990, Cartier Designer Edition Town Cars is no longer available in single color combinations every year, but in several different interior/exterior combinations. In addition, apart from the gray under-body trims offered as an option for Signature Series Town Cars, Cartier Editions becomes the only two-tone version of Town Car.
Special edition
In addition to the three standard Lincoln Town Car trims, various special edition option packages are manufactured by Lincoln (not counting the version produced by the dealer).
Jack Nicklaus Signature Series (1992-1997)
Jack Nicklaus Signature Series is a special edition option package for the City Signature Car Series featuring a green exterior with a white top; the interior consists of white skin with green accents. Other versions of the package were sold with a white exterior and a standard roof; interior trim is similar, with white leather seats and green carpets and trim.
Most of the Jack Nicklaus editions have ornaments and words on the exterior that are trimmed with gold including the golden "Golden Bear" badge on the front fender. Choices included in 1992-1997 Jack Nicklaus Signature Series include: Memory Seats with Lumbar Power/Recliner, Leather Seats and Monotone Paint.
Edisi Regatta (1994)
The Regatta edition is a special edition maritime-themed edition package for the Signature Series, with about 1,500 produced. The package consists of Oxford White leather seats (with optional blue seatpair), with a regatta blue carpet; doors and instrument panels display matching blue color.
The package is often paired with a white vinyl train roof featuring embroidery on the "C" pillar near the opera window.
Spinnaker Edition (1995)
Replacing the Regatta Edition, the Spinnaker Edition option package features tri-coat paints, two-color leather chairs, Spinnaker logo on floor mats, and 16 "studded aluminum wheels.
Diamond Birthday Edition (1996)
To commemorate Lincoln's 75th anniversary in 1996, the division sold the Beauty Anniversary Edition of the City Signature Car Series (with Continental and Mark VIII). Featuring unique strip accents, leather upholstery, wood panel instrument trim, window coverings, cell phones, power moonroof, JBL audio system, automatic electrochromatic dimming mirror with compass, and traction assistance, Diamonds Birthday Edition includes almost every option available at Lincoln Car city.
Cypress Edition (1996)
The Cypress Edition of Signature Series features Cypress Gold Frost exterior paints, two-colored leather interiors, and Cypress red pine trees.
Features
In its 1990s design, Lincoln Town Car is offered with relatively few options, with almost all features as standard equipment. In the Signature Series, the only options are leather upholstery, moonroof, 10-disc CD changer, JBL sound system, security system, and onboard phone.
The redesign highlighted some of the new features that had never before been in Town Car. The two-position drive memory chair is standard on Cartier Edition (optional on Signature Series); the memory chairs feature an 8-way adjustment for both seat and lumbar inflatable support. While technically a carryover feature from 1989, the Electrochromic Dimming Mirror was redesigned for a much wider rear window than the new Town Car.
A number of advances were made in the safety features available for Lincoln Town Car, with ABS being an optional feature in 1990. After the return of the 4-wheel disc brakes to Town Car in 1991 (for the first time since 1979), ABS became standard in 1992. Like the rest of the Panther platform vehicle, Town Car was equipped with driver side airbags in 1990, although Town Car was technically designed to be equipped with dual airbags (the first luxury American-produced vehicles to pair with them). However, due to supply problems with the passenger airbag module, the passenger airbags are essentially a removal option, with credit on the window stickers issued for the price of the airbags lost. At the request of the owner, for the price of credit issued, airbag passengers will be installed. At the beginning of the 1992 model year, all Town Cars are equipped with dual airbags from the factory.
Third generation (1998-2011)
The redesigned City Car was introduced at New York International Auto in April 1997 and launched on November 26, 1997. For the 1998 model, Ford provided full-size cars for all three major redesign divisions, with Town Car receiving the most attention. Adopting a more rounded line than its predecessor, Lincoln Town Car brings the style of Lincoln Mark VIII and Lincoln Continental 1995. Although introduced almost simultaneously with Ford Lincoln Navigator's large truck, the redesign of Town Car also marked Lincoln's role change in Ford Motor Company.
During the making of third-generation Towncar, Lincoln's structure was moved from the Lincoln-Mercury Division into the Premier Automotive Group. Although still a Ford division, PAG is a Lincoln grouping with top-class automotive brands owned by the company (Volvo, Jaguar, Land Rover and Aston Martin). Since Lincoln's grouping in PAG was deemed unsuccessful (with Lincoln falling behind Cadillac in sales after 2000), the Lincoln-Mercury division was restored to its earlier structure in 2002.
At the end of model year 2007, Ford suspended operations at Wixom Assembly Plant, putting the future of Car City in jeopardy. For the 2008 model year, City Car production was moved to St. Thomas Assembly in Canada, with Ford Crown Victoria and Mercury Grand Marquis.
Chassis
For a redesign in the 1998 model, Lincoln Town Car retains the Ford Panther platform that has underpinned its predecessor. To improve the cornering stability of the Town Car, the Watt link is mounted on a sturdy rear axle suspension (changes also seen in Mercury and Ford counterparts). The front brake calipers are converted into larger double piston designs; The 16 inch wheels became the standard.
For 2003, Town Car chassis was extensively redesigned in an effort to modernize its street manners. In addition to the completely redesigned frame, major changes are made to the suspension setting. To further improve handling, the steering is converted from a ball-recirculating to a rack-and-pinion configuration.
Powertrain
In the redesign, Lincoln Town Car carries its Modular V8 (shared with Crown Victoria/Grand Marquis). For the first time since its introduction in 1991, 4.6L SOHC V8 saw an increase in output, rising to 200 hp in the Executive/Signature model; dual exhaust Town Cars produces 220 hp in Cartier trim with 239 hp in Signature Touring version. In 2000, the V8 was retired to 200/215 hp, up to 220/235 hp in 2001. For 2003, the powertrain will get a final power increase, rising to 224/239 hp.
From 1998 to 2002, Town Car used 4R70W 4-speed automatic which was introduced in 1995. From 2003 onwards, heavy duty 4R75W replaced it.
Body
Exterior
While three inches shorter than its predecessor in 1997, the City of 1998 Car gained two inches wide and one inch tall (being the highest Lincoln sedan in 40 years). In the great break of the Lincoln styling tradition, Town Car left many straight lines from its predecessors. Adopting styling cues from Mark VIII's exit and Continental 1995, Town Car adopted a curved design scheme in place of the previous straight body. While the radiator grille is maintained, the rectangular shape is transformed into an oval (the waterfall pattern adopted by the Lincoln Navigator introduced next to it); in controversial changes, the hood ornament is removed. The curved design scheme is taken farther to the back of the Town Car, in C-pillar (lost operatic window) into the trunklid. To further differentiate itself from its Mercury partners, Town Car switches to individual taillamps, removes filler panels in trunklids; a large surround chrome is used on the trunklid to install the plate.
In 2001, the stretched Car L City was introduced, with a six-inch stretch in its wheelbase. To produce a variant at the lowest possible cost, the B-pillar was expanded in the 2001-2002 version to use the back door glass in Town Car standards. In 2003, Town Car L was redesigned, giving it a special door model comparable to a longer roofline; this version is distinguished by the wider rear quarter glass on the door.
In 2003, coinciding with the chassis redesign, the City Car agency underwent a number of changes. To carry it according to contemporary Lincoln vehicles, the lower body is squared; redesigned oval grille in LS Lincoln style; the hood's ornament returns after 5 years absence.
Interior
Like its predecessor, Lincoln Town Car 1998 is clearly seen sharing some common interior parts with its Ford and Mercury counterparts (apart from the steering column, radio, and climate control). To improve the ergonomics, power seat controls on Signature and Cartier models were moved from the seat to door panel (Executive Series, in 1999). In a move to improve safety, seat-mounted side airbags became standard on all Town Cars for 1999. In the same year, the Executive Series earned the rear seat center armrest (initially removed in a cost-cutting movement).
To redesign the year 2003, the interior of Lincoln Town Car underwent major changes. In a move to further distinguish the Town Car from the Mercury Grand Marquis, radio and climate controls are integrated into one unit with analog clocks; The interior is given a model-specific trim wood that is limited by satin metal. The redesign includes a new seat, distinguished by higher head restrictions. Along with Lincoln LS, 2003 Town Car introduced a DVD-based satellite navigation system designed by Pioneer; it is then paired with THX sound processing. In all Town Cars except for the Executive Series, ultrasonic garden assistance is standard, in addition to the open/close luggage lid (this is known as "Trunk at a Touch").
For 2004, the standard "Soundmark" stereo system was redesigned to offer dual-media capabilities (AM/FM/cassette/CD). For 2005, for the first time since 1996, Town Car received a redesigned steering wheel. For 2006, the instrument panel was redesigned, with Lincoln Town Car acquiring a tachometer with Ford and Mercury colleagues; Lincoln Town Car is one of the last American vehicles to be sold without one.
As part of a 2008 shift in the assembly plant, to streamline production, Lincoln removes or standardizes many features of the Town Car, leaving only 4 options left: HID headlights, whitewall tires, polished 18-spoke wheels (on 10-spoke) machines - completed "wheels), and baggage organizers.
Crop
In redesign for 1998, Lincoln Town Car is produced in three trim levels: Executive Series (especially for fleet and livery sales), Signature Series, and Cartier Designer Edition. From 1998 to 2002, Lincoln offered the Signature Series Tour; basically a Lincoln partner for the Handling and Performance Package option for the Ford Crown Victoria/Mercury Grand Marquis, the Signature Series Touring offers increased suspension to optimize handling.
For 2002, the Town Car path was expanded when Lincoln introduced the Premium option package for Signature Series, Cartier, and Signature Touring; Premium option package is distinguished by glass sunroof.
For 2004, several shifts were made to the model line, with the Executive becoming available only to fleet/livery customers and Cartier discontinued altogether. To replace Cartier, Lincoln introduced the Lincoln Town Car Ultimate, which features the THX sound system. For 2005, Ultimate was replaced by Signature Limited (first introduced as an option in 2000) along with the Designer Series. Effectively replacing Cartier, the Designer Series offers two-tone interiors with Provence skin and customizable head restrictions; Its exterior is distinguished by chrome wheels and B-pillar trim.
For 2008 to 2011, Signature Limited is the only one available in standard Citybase-wheelbase along with Signature L long wheelbase; The Executive Series is still produced for fleet and livery sales.
Special edition
Traveling Aimed at increasing the Lincoln Town Car's driving attraction, the Touring/Touring Sedan was the preferred package for Signature Series Town Cars from 1998 to 2002. Essentially Lincoln Ford Crown Victoria/Mercury Grand Marquis Handling and Performance Package , the Touring option package features a dual-performance KONI exhaust with dual exhaust 239 V8h, revised suspension bus, larger 16-inch wheels with 235mm tires, a 3.55 rear axle ratio, and a revised steering tuning. Town Cars with optional packages distinguished from black painted grille, chrome delete exterior, black wood interior (fitted with hollow leather upholstery and Audiophile JBL sound quality system).
25th Birthday Edition
Lincoln commemorates the 25th anniversary of Town Car by offering a 25th Anniversary Edition package at 2006 Signature Limited. Package includes B-pillar chalet and door handles, unique Eucalyptus wood apples and steering wheel matching wooden inserts, abrasive slabs with "25th Anniversary Edition" and "25th anniversary" badging, individual individual individual 40/20/40 space with individual comfort, shirring, pipe contrast and adjustable back seat headrest, foglamps and 9-spoke chrome wheels.
Continental Edition
Offered in 2010 and 2011 are Continental Edition packages; available as an option only in Trim Signature Limited. The package adds Continental badging, 17-inch chrome wheels and accents on the B-pillar. In the interior, the name Continental embroidered on the front seat and front mat.
Variant
Livery variant
Featuring a standard V8 engine, body-on-frame design, rear wheel drive and large exterior and interior dimensions, Town Car is becoming popular in livery and commercial services. In commercial services, the typical Lincoln Town Car sees life expectancy of over 400,000 miles. Essentially on the Ford Panther chassis gives it a powertrain and suspension in common with Mercury Grand Marquis and Ford LTD Crown Victoria (later Crown Victoria). These designs make them durable even in rough conditions taxis and livery cars are targeted, and are easy and inexpensive to repair when they are damaged.
Lincoln Town Car is very popular as a stretch limousine donor strand; it is the most commonly used limousine and chauffeured car in the United States and Canada. Hearses are also built on the Town Car chassis, through Ford's QVM program; chassis modified by coachbuilders for use in funeral business.
State Presidential Car
A Lincoln Town Car 1989 was commissioned by US President George H. W. Bush as State Presidential Car of the United States to succeed the Cadillac Fleetwood 1983 used during the reign of Ronald Reagan. Limousine Town Town Car arrived in 1989 and was the state car for the entire George H. W. Bush presidency. It was replaced by Cadillac Fleetwood, delivered in 1993, used by his successor, Bill Clinton.
In 2016, Lincoln Town Car 1989 is the last Lincoln vehicle that serves as State Presidential Car.
Car City L
The new "L" marker is used for extended-wheelbase Town Cars from 2000 to 2011. The L Edition offers an additional leg-back legroom with a capacity of 6 inches (150 mm), as well as remote access audio and climate control mounted on the back. the central armrest. Also includes a two-way travel switch for the front passenger seat front (features along with extended-wheelbase Jaguar XJ). This L tagging is similar to that used in other luxury sedans like the BMW 7 Series or the Mercedes-Benz S-Class. The determination of L is applied to the line-up of Cartier (2000-2003), Ultimate (2004), and Signature (2005-2011) trim level. A fleet buyer accepts it under the appointment of a cut of Executive L.
For versions 2000-02, the "L" editions are best recognized by the expanded B-pillar, with Lincoln's "stars"; this is done to maintain the similarity of spare parts with Town Car standards. The 2003-2011 "L" edition is distinguished by a longer back door, featuring a wider version of the fixed window that is visible on the Town Car door.
Series of Ballistic Protection
Beginning in 2003, Lincoln Town Car was available that featured ballistic protection from the factory. Adding nearly $ 100,000 to the base price, armored body and bulletproof glass increases the curb weight of Town Car to nearly 7,000 pounds. Other changes to the suspension and brakes are meant to preserve Town Car handling. Only a handful of Lincoln dealers in the US are authorized to sell this series.
Hongqi CA7460
View main page, Hongqi (marque)
In China, FAW produced a licensed version of Lincoln Town Car crowned as Hongqi CA7460 (??, Red flag CA7460) and Hongqi Qijian (????, Flagship) of 10 November 1998 to 2005. But the limo version continues to be produced and sold in China. The current limo version is called Hongqi Limousine. The price in 1998 was 690,000 RMB (109,710 USD) while the limousine variant was added at the end of the year. The price for the limousine variant is 1,350,000 RMB (214,650 USD).
Sales
Termination
Despite the declining sales, Town Car remains one of America's best-selling luxury cars; it is the most used US and Canadian limousine and chauffeured car.
In 2006, as part of The Way Forward, Ford considered ending the largest Lincoln model production as part of the 2007 Wixom Assembly Plant closure. Industry watcher George Peterson said, "It makes everyone's mind that they drop Town Town.Just think what Ford can do if they really invest in Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis and Town Car skins." Ford finally decided to defend the model and move the assembly to the St. Joseph Assembly Plant. Thomas in Ontario, Canada; this is home to Ford Crown Victoria and Mercury Grand Marquis; both models also use the Ford Panther platform. The Town Car manufacturing resumed at its new location in late 2007. The Canada-built Towncar car was first built on January 10, 2008. However, in Canada Town Cars is sold exclusively for fleet and livery sales, which has been discontinued in the retail market after 2007 model year.
In 2009, the fate of the three Panther-platform models was determined when Ford announced the closure of the 2011 St. Joseph Assembly Plant. Thomas. For the limousine and livery markets, Ford has promised Town Car availability through the 2011 model year; retail sales continue to be limited in the United States and for export. On January 4, 2011, Town Car became the last Panther-platform variant available for retail sales when the last Mercury Grand Marquis was produced (the last Mercury brand vehicle). On August 29, 2011, the City Car end rolled off the assembly line, without fanfare or announcement from Ford.
After the cessation of Town Car after the 2011 model year, Town Car was left without a direct replacement. Despite the dimensions of a full-size sedan, the Lincoln MKS architecture is very different because it has a unibody front-wheel drive platform with optional all-wheel drive. MKS is marketed as more of a successor to Continental than Town Car. To fill the gap left by Town Car, Lincoln developed a limousine variant of a full-size crossover vehicle MKT for the livery market and sold it as "MKT Town Car."
Awards
The Town Car has received several awards and recognition. Forbes Magazine repeatedly named Town Car one of the best cars to drive along with other flagship sedans, often more expensive, such as the Mercedes-Benz S-Class, the BMW 7 Series and the Lexus LS. The Town Car Signature L has a rear seat comfort package that not only provides rear seat passengers with a rear seat compartment audio and control system, but also features a control function that allows rear seat passengers to move passenger seats forward, an exclusive feature for some ultra sedans -lovely. In addition to many amenities, Signature L is also equipped with 46.9 in (1191 mm) rear leg room, and 60 in (1.524Ã, mm) rear shoulder chamber.
Security
Lincoln Town Car is the world's first production sedan which receives US five-star crash rankings in each category. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) 2003 Lincoln Town Car Accident Rating Assessment (with side airbag)
- Frontal Driver:
- Frontal Passengers:
- Side Impact (Driver):
- Side Impact:
- Rollover:
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) 1998 *
Lincoln Town Car Crash Test Ratings (dengan kantong udara samping)
- Frontal Driver:
- Penumpang Frontal:
- Side Impact (Driver):
- Side Impact (Penumpang):
- Rollover: N/A
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) 1990 Lincoln Town Car Crash Test Ratings
- Frontal Driver:
Lihat juga
- Ford Crown Victoria/Polisi Interceptor
- Mercury Grand Marquis/Marauder
- Platform Ford Panther
- Lincoln Mark Series
Referensi
Tautan eksternal
[1] Media related to Lincoln Town Car on Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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