Red Bull Stratos

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Red Bull Stratos is a diving space project involving Austrian skydiver Felix Baumgartner. On October 14, 2012, Baumgartner flew about 39 kilometers (24 mi) into the stratosphere in New Mexico, USA, in a helium balloon before falling freely in a pressure suit and then parachuting to Earth. The total jump, from leaving the capsule to landing on the ground, lasts about ten minutes. While free fall initially is expected to last between five and six minutes, Baumgartner lowered his parachute after 4 minutes and 19 seconds.

Reaching 1,357.64 km/h (843.6 mph) - Mach 1,25 - Baumgartner broke the voice barrier on his offspring, making it the first man to do so without any form of machine power. Measurements show Baumgartner also broke two other world records. With a final height of 38,969 m (127,851 ft) (23,3884 miles), Baumgartner broke an unofficial record for the highest manned balloon flight 37,640 m (123,491 ft) previously designated by Nicholas Piantanida. He also broke the record for the highest altitude jump, set in 1960 by retired US Colonel Joseph Kittinger, who was Baumgartner's captain mentor and communicator on mission control. These claims are verified by FÃÆ' Â © dÃÆ' Â © ronautique Internationale (FAI).

The Baumgartner leap is 65 years old, until that day, after Chuck Yeager broke the first-ever voice barrier on a piloted plane.

Video Red Bull Stratos

Histori

In January 2010, it was reported that Baumgartner worked with a team of scientists and sponsored Red Bull to try the highest sky dive on record. Using Equivital LifeMonitor, researchers can monitor Felix Baumgartner's physiological responses in extreme environments. Baumgartner will make 36,600m (120,100ft) jump from a capsule hanging from a balloon filled with helium, intending to be the first parachutist to break the sound barrier. This is possible because while the normal terminal speed of freeflying skydiver is about 320 km/h (200 mph or 90 m/s), high altitudes with less dense atmospheres will reduce barriers. On October 12, 2010, Red Bull announced it put the project on hold after Daniel Hogan filed a lawsuit in the California High Court in Los Angeles, California, USA in April, claiming he originated the idea of ​​diving parachutes from the edge of space in 2004 and Red Bull stealing ideas from him. The lawsuit was settled out of court in June 2011 and on February 5, 2012, it was reported that the project would continue.

Maps Red Bull Stratos

Get started

On March 15, 2012, Baumgartner completed the first of two test jumps, from 21,818 meters (71,581 ft). During the jump, he spends about three minutes and 43 seconds in freefall, claiming to have reached speeds of more than 580 kilometers per hour (360 mph), before opening his parachute. In total, the jump lasted about eight minutes and eight seconds and Baumgartner became the third person to parachute safely from a height of more than 21.7 kilometers (13.5 mi).

On July 25, 2012, Baumgartner completed the second of two planned test jumps, from 29,460 meters (96,650 ft). It took about 90 minutes for Baumgartner to reach the altitude target and the free fall is estimated to have lasted for three minutes and 48 seconds before his parachute was deployed. Baumgartner landed safely near Roswell, New Mexico, USA. The top speed is estimated to reach 863 kilometers per hour (536 mph) according to Brian Utley, the official observer on the site. Leap represents the best for Baumgartner. Joseph Kittinger, who was deployed from 31,300m (102,800ft) in 1960, was involved with a mission to advise Baumgartner and help collect scientific data about the next full-force pressure setting.

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Missions

Launch is canceled

The original scheduled launch of the project on the morning of October 9, 2012 was delayed five hours due to weather problems. Technicians at the launch site also found that one of the capsule's communication radios was damaged. At 11:42 pm MDT, the launch was canceled due to a 40-kilometer (25 mph) windbreak at the launch site. The launch is rescheduled for the morning of October 11, though the project's meteorologist announces that the date will be postponed again.

Launch

The capsule was launched from Roswell International Air Center at 9:30 am MDT (15:30 UTC) on October 14, 2012, which is also the 65th anniversary of Bell X-1 Chuck Yeager's flight. The weather at launch was obvious, with the east wind blowing at 5.5 kilometers per hour (3.4 mph). The soil temperature is 14Ã, Â ° C (57Ã, Â ° F). The Baumgartner climb takes about 2 ¹ / ₂ clock, after which the capsule is flattened about 38 kilometers (24 mi). Valves in the balloon are used to vent the gas to control the climb.

Shortly after crossing the boundary of Armstrong, Baumgartner expressed concern that his visor heater was not functioning properly. Mission control is followed by a mission, and 40 minutes later announces that the jump will continue regardless of the reported problem. The abortion procedure - which will see the helium released from the balloon to allow the capsule down - is considered.

After approximately 2 ½ hours of climbing, Baumgartner and mission control started the exit procedure. This involves depressurisation of the capsule, its umbilical supply detachment, and adjusting the capsule's interior ready for the decamp. When the final examination was underway, Kittinger told Baumgartner, "Okay, we're getting serious now, Felix".

Jump and drop

Fifteen minutes after the egress examination begins, the pressure between the capsule and the outside is stable and the door opens. One of the last items is for Baumgartner to activate the camera suit. With this, Kittinger contacted Baumgartner for the last time:

Start the camera, and our protective angel will take care of you.

Standing on the capsule ladder, Baumgartner made a short address:

I know the whole world is watching now. I hope you can see what I can see. Sometimes you have to get up high to understand how small you are... I'm going home now.

Baumgartner saluted and plunged forward from the ledge at 12:08 pm MDT (18:08 UTC); Mission Control recognizes this by saying "jumper away". After 42 seconds down, Baumgartner reaches his maximum speed - unverified 1.342 kilometers per hour (834 mph). An uncontrollable spin starts within the first minute of a leap that can be fatal, but ends at 1:23 am when Baumgartner regains stability, though in a later press conference he equates falling in a lawsuit to "swim without feeling water" because he can not feel the air to give him direction. Baumgartner has an abort button that will allow the deployment of parachute parachutes, which will hold the spin but will also prevent it breaking the speed record.

After 3:40 pm Baumgartner's free fall was broadcast to Mission Control that his foggy eye shield, echoing his earlier worries about his warming. After 4:16 minutes of free fall he lowered his parachute, which opened and captured free fall at 4:20 minutes. At the height of the spread, Baumgartner can continue to fall safely for 20 seconds, but it is difficult for him to verify the exact height. At 12:17 pm MDT (18:17 UTC), about 9 minutes after jumping from the capsule, Baumgartner landed at his feet east of New Mexico. Baumgartner knelt and punched the air before being greeted by the ground crew. A helicopter was sent to return Baumgartner to Roswell base.

According to YouTube, the leap was viewed directly by over 9.5 million users, setting a record for "the most concurrent live stream ever seen on YouTube".

The capsule returned to the ground through its own parachute, and landed about 70.5 kilometers (43.8 mi) east of the Baumgartner landing site. While the capsules can theoretically be reused, balloons are only made for disposables.

Analysis

On February 22, 2013, FAI announced that Baumgartner had broken three of the four recordings planned.

Note the leap that Baumgartner achieved:

• Exit from altitude 38,9694 kilometers (24,2145 mi)
• Maximum vertical speed (without drogue) from 1,357.6 kilometers per hour (843.6 mph)
• The free-fall vertical distance (without drogue) from 36,402.6 meters (119,431Ã, ft)

Timeline

The timeline for the mission is divided into eight stages. Stages 1 and 2 cover the climbing of the balloon, the 3-7 stage includes landing and landing, and stage 8 covers the return of balloons and capsules:

1. Launch balloons with Baumgartner in a capsule hanging under the canopy
   • Completed around 9:30 pm MDT (15:30 UTC)
2. The balloon reaches its maximum height - 38,969 meters (127,851 feet) - after a 2.5 hour climb
   • Completed (38,969 kilometers (24.214Ã, mi) reached)
3. Baumgartner syncs the capsule, opens the door and jumps
   • Finish (jump from capsule around 12:07 MDT (18:07 UTC))
4. About 30,000 meters (98,000 feet), Baumgartner reaches the speed of sound
   • Reach Mach 1,25-1,357,64 kilometers per hour (843,60 mph) - after about 00:40 free fall
5. After about 3:30 pm free fall, air resistance slows down Baumgartner as the atmosphere becomes more crowded
   • The parachute is propagated at 4:16 and is fully opened by 4:19, earlier than scheduled, preventing the milestone from reaching
6. Baumgartner spreads his parachute at about 2,500 meters (8,200 feet) above sea level, and 1500 m above ground level.
   • Done
7. About 5:00 from controlled parachute to landing
   • Finish around 12:17 MDT (18:17 UTC)
8. Remote mission control releases balloons from capsules; both descend to Earth to be restored
   • Done

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• The following table shows the capsule rise from ground to altitude (ft) and velocity (ft/min) with time (min).

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Scientific benefits

There are many unknowns about what will happen with Baumgartner when he jumps, the biggest is what violates the sound barrier he will do on his body. Information gathered on the feasibility of a high-level bailout fund will be useful for the commercial aerospace industry. Dr Jonathan Clark, medical director of the project, said:

We will set a new standard for flights. No one has ever reached the speed of sound without being on an airplane. Red Bull Stratos is testing new equipment and developing procedures to inhabit such high altitudes and withstand such extreme acceleration. The goal is to improve security for space professionals as well as potential space travelers.

This project provides data for the development of high performance and high performance parachute systems. It has been stated that this will inform the development of new ideas for the emergency evacuation of vehicles, such as spacecraft, through the stratosphere.

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Controversy

While altitude jumps are generally described as "edge of space" in the media, critics question the label, suggesting that a more scientific definition accepted for "edge of space" is the line KÃÆ'¡rmÃÆ'¡n at 100 kilometers (62 mi), or nearly three times the height project height jump. The 100 km altitude is also used as a dividing line by the FÃÆ' Â © dÃÆ' Â © ration AÃÆ' Â © ronautique Internationale, which manages aeronautical records worldwide.

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See also

• Project Excelsior
• Alan Eustace
• Skydiving speed

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References

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External links

• Equivital Hidalgo
• Media related to Red Bull Stratos on Wikimedia Commons
• Red Bull Stratos
• Diving Room , Sunday, November 11 at 7 pm E/P at National Geographic Channel. (2012)
• Videos (09:25) - Felix Jump - POV from Stratosphere (127,851 feet) - October 14, 2012.

Source of the article : Wikipedia