Zoster vaccine includes a number of vaccines that have been shown to reduce the incidence of herpes zoster (also known as herpes zoster). One type of zoster vaccine is, in effect, a larger dose of chickenpox vaccine, because both herpes zoster and smallpox are caused by the same virus, varicella zoster virus (VZV). The recombin version is approved in the United States by 2017.
Video Zoster vaccine
Medical use
A Cochrane review from Zostavax concluded that "Herpes zoster vaccine is effective in preventing herpes zoster disease and this protection can last three years". The duration of protection after four years after vaccination with the zoster vaccine is unknown. The need for vaccination has not been determined.
United States
Two forms of zoster vaccine are available in the United States.
Zostavax is a zoster vaccine developed by Merck & amp; Co and approved and licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in May 2006, after proven to reduce the incidence of herpes zoster by 51.3 Ã, percent in a study of 38,000 adults aged 60 and older who received the vaccine. The vaccine also decreased by 66.5 Ã, percent the number of postherpetic neuralgia cases and reduced the severity and duration of pain and discomfort associated with herpes zoster, by 61.1 Ã, percent. The FDA initially recommends only those individuals aged 60 years or older who are not very allergic to any of its components and who meet the following requirements:
- does not have a weakened immune system because of HIV/AIDS or other diseases or drugs (such as steroids, radiation and chemotherapy) that affect the immune system.
- has no history of cancer affecting the bone marrow or lymphatic system, such as leukemia or lymphoma.
- has no active and untreated tuberculosis.
In 2006, the US Centers for Disease Prevention and Prevention Committee (ACC) recommends that live vaccines be given to all adults over 60 years old, including those who have had previous episodes of herpes zoster, and those who did not remember to have chickenpox, because more than 99 percent of Americans aged 40 and older have had chicken pox.
In 2011, the FDA approved a live vaccine for use in individuals aged 50 to 59 years old.
Shingrix is a zoster vaccine developed by GlaxoSmithKline approved in the United States by the FDA in October 2017. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends Shingrix for adults over the age of 50, including those who have accept Zostavax. The committee voted that Shingrix was preferred over Zostavax for zoster prevention and related complications because the 3 phase clinical data showed efficacy of vaccine & gt; 90% of shingles in all age groups, as well as continued efficacy during 4 years of follow-up. Unlike Zostavax, which is given as a single shot, Shingrix is ​​given as two intramuscular doses, two to six months.
European Union
In 2006, the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) issued a marketing authorization for the zoster vaccine to Sanofi Pasteur for routine vaccination in individuals aged 60 and over. In 2007, EMEA updated its marketing authorization for routine vaccination in individuals aged 50 and over.
United Kingdom
From 2013, the UK National Health Service began offering herpes zoster vaccination to parents. People aged 70 or 79 on September 1, 2013 are offered the vaccine. People aged 71 to 78 on that date will only have the opportunity to have herpes zoster vaccine after reaching the age of 79. The original intention is for people between <70 and 79 to be vaccinated, but the NHS then says that the vaccination program is being re- precarious because it would be impractical to vaccinate everyone in the 70s in one year.
Maps Zoster vaccine
Side effects
Live vaccine (Zostavax) is very safe; one to several percent of people develop a mild form of chickenpox, often with about five or six blisters around the injection site, and without fever. Blisters are harmless and temporary.
In one study 64 Ã, percent of the Zostavax group and 14 percent of the controls had some adverse reactions. However, the rates of serious adverse events were comparable between the Zostavax group (0.6 Ã, percent) and those receiving placebo (0.5 Ã, percent).
A study including children with leukemia found that the risk of exposure to herpes zoster after vaccination was much lower than the risk of developing herpes zoster for children with natural chickenpox in their history. Data from healthy children and adults show the same direction.
A temporary side effect of Shingrix shots is possible, and can be severe enough in one in six people to affect normal daily activity for up to three days. Mild to moderate pain at the injection site is common, and some may experience redness or swelling. Side effects include fatigue, muscle aches, headache, chills, fever, and nausea. Symptoms usually heal in two to three days.
Composition
Live Zostavax vaccine contains at least 19,400 plaque-forming units (PFU) from the Oka/Merck strain of the live, attenuated varicella-zoster virus. It is sterile and contains no preservatives. It is injected subcutaneously (under the skin) in the upper arm. Live vaccines were developed using the fetal stem cell MRC-5 line. This has raised religious and ethical concerns for some potential users, because the cell line is derived from the aborted fetus.
Shingrix is ​​a suspension for intramuscular injection comprising a fractionated lyophilized varicella zoster (VZV) antigen glycoprotein E (gE) reconstituted when used with an AS01B adjuvant suspension. The antigen is a purified cut off form of VZV gE expressed in the Chinese Ovary Hamster cells. The adjuvant AS01B suspension consists of 3-O-desacyl-4'- monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) of Salmonella minnesota and saponin molecule (QS-21) purified from the Quillaja saponaria Molina plant extract, combined in a liposome formulation comprising dioleoyl. phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and cholesterol in a phosphate-buffered saline solution.
Cost-effectiveness
A 2007 study found that live vaccines may be cost-effective in the United States, projecting an annual savings of $ 82 to $ 103 million in health care costs with a cost-effectiveness ratio ranging from $ 16,229 to $ 27,609 per year of life tailored to quality. In 2007, live vaccines were officially recommended in the US for healthy adults aged 60 and older.
References
Further reading
- Consumer Affairs Branch, CBER (March 28, 2018). "Zostavax (Herpes Zoster Vaccine) Questions and Answers". Questions about Vaccines . FDA . Retrieved March 28 2018 .
External links
- Zostavax U.S. Product Page Administration of Food and Drugs (FDA)
- Shingrix Food and Drug Administration Products Page (FDA)
- Vaccination Information Statement of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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