Celebrities refers to the fame and public attention given by the mass media to individuals or groups or, sometimes, animals, but is usually applied to people or groups of people (celebrity, family, etc.) who received such fame and attention status. Celebrity status is often associated with wealth (usually referred to as fame and fortune), while fame often provides an opportunity to earn an income.
Successful careers in sports and entertainment are generally related to celebrity status, while political leaders are often celebrities. People can also become celebrities because of media attention to their lifestyle, wealth, or controversial acts, or to connect them with famous people.
Video Celebrity
Histori
Athletes in Ancient Greece were welcomed as heroes, possessing songs and poems written to honor them, and receiving free food and gifts from those seeking celebrity endorsements. The ancient Romans both praised famous actors and gladiators, and Julius Caesar appeared on coins in his own life (departure from battle depiction and godly lineage).
At the beginning of the 12th century, Thomas Becket became famous after his assassination. He was promoted by the Christian Church as a martyr and his image and the scenes of his life became widespread in just a few years. In a pattern that is often repeated, what began as a popularity explosion (often referred to as the suffix 'mania') turned into long-term fame: a pilgrimage to Canterbury Cathedral where he was killed into a fashionable instantaneous and fascination with his life and death has inspired dramas and movies.
The cult of personality (especially in the west) can be traced back to Romanticism in the 18th century, whose lives as artists and poets depend on their reputation currency. The establishment of a cultural hot-spot becomes an important factor in the process of generating fame: for example, London and Paris in the 18th and 19th centuries. Newspapers started including gossip columns and certain clubs and events became a place to be seen to receive publicity.
The film industry spread all over the world in the first half of the 20th century and with it the concept is now known from the faces of its instantly recognizable superstars. However, celebrities are not always tied to actors in the film, especially when the cinema begins as a medium. As Paul McDonald states in the Star System: Popular Hollywood Identity Production , "in the first decade of the twentieth century, the American film production company retained the names of film artists, despite requests from viewers, fearing recognition the public will encourage the players to demand a higher salary. "Public interest beyond the exploits of movie stars and their personal lives made headlines: for example, in Hollywood weddings Elizabeth Taylor and Bollywood in the affairs of Raj Kapoor in the 1950s.
The second half of this century saw television and popular music bringing new forms of celebrities, such as rock stars and pop groups, exemplified by Elvis Presley and The Beatles, respectively. John Lennon's highly controversial quote in 1966: "We are more popular than Jesus now," which he then asserts is not a boast, and that he does not at all compare himself to Christ, giving insight into the praise and fame that fame can bring. Unlike movies, television creates celebrities who are not the main actors; for example, presenter, talk show host, and newsreader. However, most of these are only famous in the areas reached by their special broadcasters, and only a few like Oprah Winfrey, Jerry Springer, or David Frost can be said to have penetrated into a wider star.
In the 60s and early 70s the book publishing industry began to persuade the big celebrities to put their name on autobiography and other titles in a genre called celebrity publishing. In many cases, the book is not written by celebrities but by ghostly authors, but celebrities will then be available for tours and book shows at talk shows.
Maps Celebrity
Regional and cultural implications
Cultures and regions with significant populations may have their own independent celebrity system, with different hierarchies. For example, the Canadian-speaking Canadian province of Quebec, has its own system of French television, movie, and music celebrities. A person who collects a title of fame in one culture may be considered less well known or unknown in another. Some national celebrities may be paying attention outside their own country; for example, singer Lara Fabian is widely known in the French-speaking world, but has only a few Billboard hits in the US, while Canadian francophone singer Celine Dion is famous in France-Speaks the world and in the United States.
Territory in a country, or cultural community (language, ethnicity, or religion) can also have their own celebrity system, especially in different areas linguistically or culturally like Quebec or Wales. Regional radio personalities, newscasters, politicians or community leaders may be local or regional celebrities.
In politics, certain politicians can be recognized by many, usually the head of state and the Prime Minister. Yet only heads of state that play a leading role in international politics have a good chance of being famous outside their country borders, as they are always featured in the mass media. The President of the United States, for example, is famous for its name and face for millions of people around the world. Since World War II, the US presidential election has been closely followed around the world, making elected candidates world-famous as a result. In contrast, the Pope and the Dalai Lama are much more famous under their official titles than under real names. Usually when politicians leave active politics, their recognition tends to diminish in general audiences, as other politicians replace them in their official political function. Certain politicians, however, are still famous today, even decades or centuries after they came to power. They owe their fame to historical deeds that are stored in memory in history classes, for example people like Julius Caesar, Genghis Khan, Napoleon Bonaparte, Abraham Lincoln and Mao Zedong. The scandal can also inadvertently make certain politicians famous, even among those who are not too interested in politics.
English-language media commentators and journalists will sometimes refer to celebrities as belonging to the A-List or state that certain actors include List-B , the latter being an underestimating context. This informal rating shows the placement in the hierarchy. However, due to the different celebrity levels in different regions, it is difficult to put people in one bracket. The Brazilian actor may be a B-list action film actor in the US, but an A-list star in Portugal.
Some elements are associated with fame, such as appearing on the envelope Time , which is forged on Mad , has a candlelight at Madame Tussauds i> Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Certain people are even known to people who are not familiar with the area in which they excel. If one should mention a famous boxer, they are more likely to call Muhammad Ali or Mike Tyson, as their fame evolves beyond the sport itself. The style and name of Pablo Picasso is known even by people who are not interested in art; Likewise, many know that Harry Houdini is an illusionist, Tiger Woods, golfers, Richard Branson, Bill Gates, and Donald Trump are businessmen, Albert Einstein a scientist; The classical composers Mozart and Beethoven; Luciano Pavarotti an opera singer, Bruce Lee a martial artist, William Shakespeare a playwright, Walt Disney an animator and astronaut Neil Armstrong Yuri Gagarin.
Criminals can also become famous in the world if the media mask crimes, arrests, trials and the possibility of their punishment extensively and/or if the crime itself is quite sensational. The famous celebrity killers can become famous, as Brutus is remembered for killing Julius Caesar. People who commit terrible crimes can also get blasphemy, like Nazi doctor Josef Mengele. Certain criminals have achieved lasting fame thanks to romanticization in popular culture, such as Guy Fawkes, Blackbeard, Billy the Kid, and Bonnie & amp; Clyde. Others owe their fame for never being identified or caught, like Jack the Ripper, or by regularly being interviewed in prison, like Charles Manson. However, some criminals covered much less in the media and, thus, did not become very famous at all. In other cases, massive media coverage disappeared after the conclusion of their trial, causing them to fade in obscurity again. This has even happened to people who commit high-level crimes, such as FranÃÆ'§ois Ravaillac, the murder of Henry IV of France in 1610 currently only remembered by those who have historical knowledge. In some cases people who have been released from certain crimes are still remembered as guilty today, like Lizzie Borden, pointing out that the sensation sometimes overshadows the actual facts.
Fictitious implications
The same phenomenon applies to fictitious characters. Sherlock Holmes, Dracula, Monster and James Bond Frankenstein continued to be portrayed in movies, television, and literature decades after the original story was published. Superman, Spider-Man, The Hulk, Wonder Woman, and Batman represent superheroes to a much broader audience than the comics and graphic novels in which they appear. The same can be said about other comic characters who enjoy international distribution and syndication such as Popeye, Tintin, Snoopy, AstÃÆ' Â © rix, Garfield and Astro Boy. Disney has theme parks around the world that rely on the fame of creations led by Mickey Mouse. Thanks to the global reach of film and television characters such as King Kong, Godzilla, The Flintstones, The Muppets and The Simpsons can instantly recognize millions of people. The particular fictional character known from the TV series has become so famous that their names are better known than the actors who do. A good example is Larry Hagman who plays J.R. Ewing on the Dallas TV series . When his character was shot during a cliffhanger episode without an audience knowing who the killer was, it caused a media hype around the question: Who Shot J.R.? . By the time the answer is given in the first episode of the next season, millions of people instantly recognize Hagman's face as J.R. rather than himself. Some characters from video and computer games have developed celebrity lives outside of this medium, such as Mario, Lara Croft, and Pikachu. Certain ad characters have also become iconic thanks to decades of constant merchandising, such as Ronald McDonald, Bibendum, and Hello Kitty.
Become a celebrity
People can become celebrities in various ways; from their profession, following appearances in the media, or because of complete accidents. The term "instant celebrity" describes a person who becomes a celebrity in a very short time. A person who achieves a bit of temporary fame (through, say, hype or mass media) can be a "B-grade celebrity" label. Often, generalizations extend to someone who is less than mainstream or continuous fame but who seeks to expand or exploit it.
Success
Of course, there is no guarantee of success for an individual to become a celebrity. Although celebrities come from different fields of work, most celebrities are usually associated with sports and entertainment, or one can be a public figure that is often recognized in the mass media with commercial and critical praise.
Although charm and wealth may play a role only for famous celebrities, most people in the world of sports and entertainment, be it music, movies, television, radio, modeling, comedy, literature etc. Live in obscurity and only a small percentage of fame. and luck.
Difficulty
A number of athletes who are unable to become professionals take second jobs or even sometimes leave their athletic aspirations to meet the needs. A small number of entertainers and athletes are able to make a decent living but most will spend their careers working hard from hard work, determination, resistance, and frequent unemployment. For small leagues for amateur athletes, revenue is usually at the lower end of the payout scale. Many of them take second jobs on the side or even explore to other jobs in sports such as training, general management, arbitration, or recruiting and looking for athletes to come.
Become a celebrity in the US.
The Screen Actors Guild, a union representing actors and actresses across Hollywood, reports that average television and movie actors earn less than US $ 50,000 annually; the average hourly wage for an actor is $ 18.80 in May 2015. Actors sometimes alternate between theater, television, and movies or even branches to other occupations in the entertainment industry such as singers, comedians, producers, or television carriers to be monetarily diversified, such as performing one relatively small paying performances. For example, David Letterman is best known for branched off on late-night television as a talk show host while honing his skills as a stand-up comedian, Barbra Streisand venturing into acting while operating as a singer, or Clint Eastwood, who gained much greater fame. in Hollywood to become a film director and producer than his acting credentials.
According to American entertainment masters, Master P, entertainers and professional athletes make up less than 1% of all millionaires worldwide. Less than 1% of all runway models are known to generate more than US $ 1000 for each fashion showcase. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median wage for commercial and print models was only $ 11.22 per hour in 2006 and is also listed as one of the 10 worst jobs in the United States.
Wealth
Forbes Celebrity 100
Forbes, for example, ranked media moguls and talk show host, Oprah Winfrey as the top earner of "Forbes magazine's annual ranking of the most powerful celebrities", earning $ 290 million last year. Forbes cites that Lady Gaga reportedly earned more than $ 90 million in 2010. In 2010, golfer Tiger Woods was one of the highest earning celebrity athletes, earning $ 75 million and consistently ranking one of the highest paid athletes in the world. In 2013, Madonna was ranked fifth as the most powerful and most productive celebrity of the year with $ 125 million in revenue. He has consistently become one of the world's most powerful and highest earning celebrities, taking third place at Forbes Celebrity 100 2009 with $ 110 million in revenue, and earning tenth place in the 2010 edition of the list with annual revenues of $ 58 million. Entrepreneurship and support
Celebrity support has proven to be very successful worldwide where, due to rising consumerism, an individual is considered to have a status symbol when they purchase a celebrity-supported product. While it is common for celebrities to put their name with support for products just for quick money, some celebrities have gone beyond just using their name and have put their entrepreneurial spirit to work by becoming entrepreneurs by attaching themselves in the entertainment business aspect and building brand their own business outside of their traditional salary activities. Along with investing their salary wages into growing business ventures, a number of celebrities have become innovative business leaders in their respective industries, gaining the admiration of their peers and contributing to the country's economy.
Many celebrities have ventured into business moguls and established themselves as entrepreneurs, idolizing many famous American business leaders such as Bill Gates and Warren Buffett. For example, basketball legend Michael Jordan became an active entrepreneur involved with many sports related ventures including investing minority interests in Charlotte Bobcats, Paul Newman started his own salad dressing business after leaving a different acting career, and rapper Birdman started his own business. record labels, clothing lines, and oil businesses while maintaining a career as a rap artist. Other celebrities like Tyler Perry, George Lucas and Steven Spielberg have become successful entrepreneurs through starting their own film production companies and running their own film studios outside of their traditional script-writing activities, directing, animating, producing and acting.
The examples of celebrity entrepreneurs included in the table below are:
Tabloid magazines and TV talk shows give a lot of attention to celebrities. To stay in the public eye and build wealth besides the paid workforce, many celebrities participate and branch out into various endeavors and endorsements. Many celebrities have participated in various support opportunities that include: animation, publishing, fashion design, cosmetics, consumer electronics, home appliances and equipment, cigarettes, soft drinks and alcoholic beverages, hair care, hairdressing, jewelry design, fast food, credit cards, video games, writing, and toys.
In addition to a variety of endorsements, a number of celebrities have been involved with several business and business-related investments also including: and related to toddlers, sports team ownership, fashion retailing, companies such as restaurants, cafes, hotels and casinos, cinemas, advertising and event planning, business-related management such as sports management, financial services, model management, and talent management, record labels, film production, television production, publishing such as book and music publishing, massage therapy, salon, health and fitness, and housing.
Although some celebrities have achieved additional financial success from various businesses, most celebrities are not successful businesses and still rely on paid wages for living. Most businesses and investments are known to have a 90 to 95 percent failure rate in the first five years of operation. Not all celebrities end up succeeding with their own business and other related sideline business. Some celebrities either went bankrupt or filed for bankruptcy as a result of a side business or such support. Although some may question such validity as celebrities themselves are well known, have mass appeal, and are well exposed to the general public. Average unknown and well-reputed entrepreneurs do not have the same marketing flexibility and quo-status as most celebrities. Therefore, compared to the average person who started the business, celebrities already have all the cards and odds stacked in their favor. This means they can have an unfair advantage to expose their business and business support and can easily capture a more significant share of market share than the average entrepreneur.
As a mass media phenomenon
Celebrities often have fame comparable to royalty. As a result, there is a strong public curiosity about their personal affairs. The release of Kim Kardashian's sex tape with rapper Ray J in 2003 took him to a new level of fame, leading to magazine covers, book deals, and reality TV series.
Celebrities may be hated for their appreciation, and the public may have a love/hate relationship with celebrities. Due to the high visibility of personal life of celebrities, their successes and shortcomings are often made very common. Celebrities are alternately portrayed as examples of shining perfection, when they accumulate awards, or as decadent or immoral if associated with a scandal. When viewed in a positive light, celebrities are often described as having skills and abilities beyond the average person; for example, celebrity actors are regularly celebrated to acquire the new skills needed to take on a role in a very short period of time, and to a level that astonishes the professionals who train them. Similarly, some celebrities with very little formal education can sometimes be described as experts in complex issues. Some celebrities are very vocal with their political views. For example, Matt Damon expressed his displeasure with US vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin and with the US debt crisis in 2011.
Famous for famous
Famous for being famous, in popular culture terminology, refers to someone who attains celebrity status for no identifiable reason, or who achieves fame through a relationship with a celebrity. This term is condescending, indicating that the individual has no particular talent or ability. Even when their fame arises from a certain talent or action on their part, this term will sometimes remain valid if their fame is deemed disproportionate with what they produce through their own talent or work.
The coinages "famesque" and "celebutante" are a similar condescending core.
Internet celebrity
Also known as the famous internet, contemporary fame does not always involve the physical red carpet.
Online Fame in Asia
A report by the BBC highlights the long trend of Asian internet celebrities such as Chinese celebrity Wang Hong (the birth name of Ling Ling). According to the BBC, there are two types of online celebrities in China - those who create original content, such as Papi Jiang, are regularly censored by Chinese authorities for swearing at his videos, and they are like Wang Hong and Zhang Dayi, who fall into the second category, they have a clothing and cosmetics business in Taobao, which is equivalent to Amazon in China.
Social networking and video hosting
Most high profile celebrities participate in social networking and photo or video hosting platforms such as YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat. Social networking sites allow celebrities to communicate directly with their fans, eliminating middlemen known as traditional media. Social media humanize celebrities in a way that generates public appeal as evidenced by the success of magazines such as Us Weekly and People Weekly . Celebrity blogging has also spawned a star like Perez Hilton who is known for not only blogging, but also a celebrity outing.
Social media sites also contribute to the popularity of some celebrities, such as Tila Tequila known through MySpace.
Family
Another example of a celebrity is a family that has an ancestor or is known for its wealth. In some cases, the famous family is associated with a particular field. For example, the Kennedy family is associated with US politics; Windsor House with royalty; The Hilton family and the Rothschild family with business; Jackson family with popular music; and the families of Osbourne, Chaplin, Kardashian, Baldwin, and Barrymore with television and movies.
Restricted access
Access to celebrities is tightly controlled by their staff entourage that includes managers, public relations, agents, personal assistants, and personal bodyguards. Even journalists find it difficult to access celebrities for interviews. Interview with writer and actor Michael Musto quotes:
You have to go through a lot of obstacles just to talk to big celebrities. You have to go through three different publishing groups: public relations for the event, public relations for movies, and then celebrity personal publicity. They all have to agree with you.
Celebrities often hire one or more bodyguards (or close protection officers) to protect themselves and their families from threats ranging from ordinary people (annoying paparazzi photographers or enthusiasts seeking signatures) to serious (assault, kidnapping, killing, or stalking ). Travel guards with celebrities during professional activities (movies or concerts) and private activities such as recreation and errands.
Celebrities also usually have security staff in their homes, to protect them from similar threats.
Cult of celebrity
15 minutes of fame
Andy Warhol famously coined the term "15 minutes of fame" in reference to short-lived publicity. Celebrities "15 minutes of fame" may be the average person seen with A-list celebrities, who are sometimes noticed on entertainment news channels like E! News. These people are ordinary people who become celebrities, often based on the silly things they do. "In fact, many reality show contestants fall into this category: the only thing that makes them eligible to appear on TV is that they are real."
Certain people are only remembered today because of the portrayal of movies, certain stories or urban legends that surround their lives and lack for their achievements. Antonio Salieri is a famous and famous 18th-century composer, but his fictional depiction as an antagonist (for example, in music and movies Amadeus ) has been more famous than his music since the late 20th century. Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle and O. J. Simpson are more famous for their relationship with attempted murder than for their own film and sports careers. Centuries after his death, Andrea Mantegna is now better known as Leonardo da Vinci's mentor than his own.
Health implications
John Cleese says that the famous offers several advantages such as financial wealth and easier access to things that are more difficult for unfamiliar people to access, such as the ability to more easily meet other famous or powerful people, but the famous ones also often come with losses creating conditions in which celebrities find themselves acting, at least temporarily (albeit sometimes for long periods), in superficial and inauthentic fashion.
Common threats such as stalking have spawned celebrity worship syndrome in which a person becomes too involved with the details of a celebrity's personal life. Psychologists have pointed out that although many people are obsessed with glamorous films, television, sports and music stars, the difference in salaries in society seems to appreciate professional athletes and entertainment-based industry professionals. A study found that singers, musicians, actors, and athletes are younger than authors, composers, academics, politicians and businessmen, with a greater incidence of cancer and especially lung cancer. However, it is argued that the reasons for this are still unclear, with theories including the innate tendencies toward risk taking and the pressures or opportunities of certain types of fame.
In addition, some say fame may have a negative psychological effect, and can lead to an increasingly selfish tendency and psychopathy. [1]
More recently, there has been more attention to the impact that celebrities have on the widespread health decisions of the population. It is believed that people will follow celebrity health advice to some extent. This can have a positive impact when celebrities provide strong health advice, evidence of information, but it can also be bad if health advice is not accurate enough.
See also
References
Bibliography
- Goldman, Jonathan (2011) Modernism Is Celebrity Literature . Austin: University of Texas Press, 2011. ISBNÃ, 978-0-292-72339-9
- Grinin, Leonid (2009) "'People of Celebrity' as the New Social Stratum and Elite". In Hierarchy and Power in the History of Civilization: Cultural Dimensions (pp.Ã, 183-206)./Ed. by Leonid E. Grinin and Andrey V. Korotayev. Moscow: KRASAND/Editorial URSS, 2009
- Miles, Barry (1997). Paul McCartney: Years From Now . Henry Holt & amp; Company. ISBN 978-0-436-28022-1.
- Schikel, Richard. Intimate Strangers: The Culture of Celebrity New York: Doubleday, 1985. ISBNÃ, 0-385-12336-1
External links
- Quotes related to Fame in Wikiquote
- Media related to Celebrities on Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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