A jerry (also written as jerry can or jerry ) is a strong liquid container made of pressed steel. It was designed in Germany in the 1930s for military use to hold 20 liters (4.4 gallons, 5.3 gallons US) of fuel. The development of jerry cans is a significant improvement on previous designs, which require tools and funnels to use. Currently similar designs are used for fuel and water containers, some of which are also manufactured in plastics. The design usually mimics the original steel design and is still known as the jerry can.
Video Jerrycan
Usage
Use for cans has expanded beyond the intended use of carrier fuel. Currently, the usage of the can is denoted by its coloring, and sometimes, the label listed on the container itself. This is to prevent contamination of canned contents by mixing different fuels or mixing fuel with water.
The US version of jerry cans is covered by military specifications MIL-C-1283 and has been manufactured since the early 1940s by a number of US producers, according to current producers, Blitz. The National Stock Number is 7240-00-222-3088. This is considered obsolete by the new A-A-59592A specification, which has been replaced with a plastic version.
Maps Jerrycan
History
The history of jerry is renowned for the German design was reverse engineered and then copied, with slight modifications, by the Allies during the Second World War. The name of jerry referring to German origin, Jerry is a slang of war for the Germans.
German Discovery
The Wehrmacht-Einheitskanister, as it was known in Germany, was first developed in 1937 by the engineering company MÃÆ'¼ller in Schwelm for design by their chief engineer Vinzenz GrÃÆ'¼nvogel. A similar design was used in 1936 during the Spanish Civil War, where they had the company logo for Ambi-Budd Presswerk GmbH. Among others, the Wehrmacht has determined that a soldier should be able to carry two full containers or four empty containers, which is the reason why three handles are installed. To achieve the required filling and dewatering speed, it is equipped with a large drain cover and an upper flip. The holes in the cover handle make it possible to attach a pin or wire with a tin seal. The rectangular shape makes it stackable. Indentation ensures full cans will not be severely damaged when dropped from the vehicle, while the paint layer on the inside makes it protected from corrosion.
In 1939 the German military had thousands of cans stockpiled in anticipation of war. The motorized force issued cans with rubber hoses to siphon fuel from available sources, as a way to aid their rapid progress through Poland at the start of the Second World War.
American Adaptation
In 1939, American engineer Paul Pleiss had built a vehicle to travel to India with his German counterpart. After building the car, they realized they had no storage for emergency water. German engineers have access to jerrycans inventory at Berlin Tempelhof Airport and managed to take three of them. They crossed 11 national borders without incident until Field Marshal GÃÆ'¶ring sent a plane to take home the engineer. German engineers also provide complete Pleiss specifications for cans manufacturing. Pleiss proceeded to Calcutta, put his car in a shed, and flew back to Philadelphia, where he told American military officials about the can. He can not be interested. Without a sample, he realizes that he can not go anywhere. He finally sent a car to New York with the bundab method, and sent a can to Washington. The War Department instead decided to use a 10-US-gallon World War I can (38 Â °, 8.3Ã, impÃ, gal) with two screw closures, which required both the wrench and the funnel to pour.
One jerry can in America ownership was sent to Camp Holabird, Maryland, where it was redesigned. The new design retains the grip, size and shape. US can be stacked interchangeably with German or English cans. The weld is replaced with a rolled layer that is susceptible to leakage. For the fuel cans, the coating is removed and the wrench and funnel are required. A similar water can is also adopted, with a flip-top cap and enamel lining.
US-designed jerigen is widely used by US Army units and Marine Corps. In all overseas theaters, fuels and other petroleum products represent about 50% of all supply needs, measured by weight. At the European Operations Theater alone, more than 19 million people were asked to support US troops in May 1945.
Jerigen plays an important role in ensuring fuel supply for Allied operations. A standard US 2.5 ton truck can carry 875 gallons of fuel loaded in jerry cans. US logistics demanded more than 1.3 million per month to compensate; these cans are supplied by US and UK producers, but supply can not meet demand. The loss of jerry cans in the unit was severe, with 3.5 million reported 'disappeared' in October 1944, for example. At one point in August 1944, the lack of cans (caused by losses) actually limited the supply of fuel that could be brought to the combat unit, even though the fuel was available in the rear.
The US design is slightly lighter than the German cans (10 pounds (4.5 kg) vs. 11.5 pounds (5.2 kg) for the German version). This fuel container is then used in all war theaters around the world. Such was the importance of the cans in the war effort that President Roosevelt noted "Without these cans it would be impossible for our troops to cut their way across France at lightning speed that surpassed the German Blitzkrieg of 1940."
English
At the beginning of the Second World War, the British Army is equipped with two fuel container is simple: a container 2-imperial-gallon (9.1Ã, l; 2.4A, USA, gal) made of pressed steel, and 4-imperial-gallon (18 l; 4.8Ã, USÃ, gal) containers made of tin plates. The 2 gallon container is relatively strong, but expensive to produce. Produced mainly in Egypt, a 4-gallon container is abundant and cheap, but they tend to leak after minor damage. The initial 4-gallon container is packed in pairs in a wooden box. When stacked, wood framing protects the cans and prevents the top layer of the can from destroying the lower one. As the war progresses, wooden boxes are replaced with thin plywood or cardboard boxes, none of which provide much protection. A 4-gallon container carrying dangerous fuel for the cargo ship that took them. The leaking fuel will accumulate in the cargo space. At least one such ship exploded.
Although adequate for transportation along European roads, 4 gallon containers proved very unsatisfactory during the North African Campaign. Stitches that are wrinkled or soldered easily split during transport, especially on roads over rocks scattered across North Africa. In addition, containers are easily leaked even by minor trauma. Because of this problem troops refer to 4 gallon containers as flimsies . Freight fuel through rough terrain often results in as much as 25% of the fuel lost through stitching or puncture failures. Fuel leakage gives the vehicle a tendency to burn. The container was routinely discarded after one use, and severely hindered the operation of the British Eighth Army. A more successful and popular use for a 4-gallon container is to convert it into a cooking stove, called the 'Benghazi burner'.
When the British Army first saw the German fuel cans during the Norwegian Campaign in 1940, they immediately saw the advantages of superior design. The three handles enable easy handling by one or two people, or brigade-style bucket movements. The handle design also allows for two empty cans to carry in each hand, using an outer handle.
The sides of the tin are marked with a curve like a cross that strengthens the tin while allowing its contents to expand, as does an air bag under the handle when the tin is filled properly. This air pocket allows the container to float if it falls into the water. Instead of screw lids, the containers use a cam lever removal mechanism with short spout secured with snap covers and air pipe into air pockets allowing fine pouring (omitted in multiple copies). The interior is also coated with refractory plastic, first developed for a steel barrel beer that will allow the can to be used for either water or gasoline. The can is welded and has a gasket for a leaky mouth.
Used British cans are taken from "Jerries" (Germany) - then "jerry" - in preference to their own containers as much as possible. Then in 1940, Pleiss was in London and the British officers questioned him about the design and manufacture of jerry cans. Pleiss ordered the second of his three jerry cans to fly to London. After Benghazi's second arrest in late 1941, a large number of Axis anchors were captured, enough to complement several units such as the Long Range Desert Group.
Russian usage
The power of the Wehrmachtskanister was determined in the Soviet Union. The design was then copied and the Soviet Army accepted it as a standard container for liquids. These containers are still manufactured and used in modern Russia. In civil use, these containers are used primarily for automotive fuel and lubricants.
Modern usage
German/British design jerigens are still the standard fuel and other liquid containers in the NATO army of nations.
Finnish designer Eero Rislakki devised a plastic jewel in 1970 with a small, smearable plug on the upper side behind the handle to allow incoming airflow to ensure a smooth flow of fuel. It's lighter than the original design but almost as sturdy. It was quickly adopted by Finnish armed forces, and commercially available.
Rule
Current US Rule
Jerigen is defined by the Federal Regulatory Code, 49 CFR 171.8 as "rectangular or polygonal rectangular or plastic metal packaging".
Starting January 10, 2009 all portable fuel containers are required to comply with two new rules:
- They must comply with the new Federal Toxic Air Source Air regulations, pursuant to California Air Resources Board rules.
- They must meet the requirements of the Children's Fuel Prevention Act.
This new regulation does not apply to OSHA approved metal safety containers, but rather to common red plastic, portable gas cans. The regulation applies only to newly produced gas cans, and there is no requirement for users to dispose of their existing cans or to improve, even though EPA provides a source of information for implementing the Community Gas Exchange Program.
Furthermore, in the state of California, the following colors are mandated:
- red for gasoline
- yellow for solar
- blue for kerosene
As per ASTM F852, certain nuances must be "medium yellow" and "medium blue".
Current European Rules
Transport of dangerous goods (including liquid fuels) in Europe is regulated by the United Nations European Treaty on International Freight of Dangerous Goods by the Road (ADR). The term "jerry" is defined in Chapter 1.2 of ADR 2011 as "a rectangular or polygonal rectangular or metallic plastic or plastic wrap with one or more holes", a definition that includes traditional jerry but also a variety of other packaging.
ADR establishes performance standards for packaging and specifies what packaging standards are required for each type of dangerous goods, including gasoline/petrol and diesel fuel. Traditional juveniles are available in an approved version of the UN that meets ADR requirements.
References
External links
- More info about history, usage, & amp; signs
- (In German) Learn more about Jerrycan and "Wehrmachtskanister"
- Core77 Design Blog Nov 2010: Excellent industrial design from the 1930s
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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