A plastic bag , polybag , or pocket is a type of container made of thin, flexible, plastic, nonwoven, or plastic textile. Plastic bags are used for storing and transporting goods such as food, products, powders, ice, magazines, chemicals, and waste. This is a common form of packaging.
Most of the hot plastic bags are sealed together. Some are tied with glue or sewn.
Video Plastic bag
Packages
Several design options and features are available. Some bags have gussets to allow for higher volume of content, some have the ability to stand on shelves or refrigerators, and some have options that are easy to open or reclosable. The handle is cut or added to some.
Bags can be made with various plastic films. Polyethylene (LDPE, LLDPE, etc.) is the most common. Other forms, including laminate and co-extrusion can be used when physical properties are required.
Plastic bags typically use less material than boxes, cartons, or jars, so it is often thought of as "reduced or minimized packaging".
Depending on the construction, plastic bags can be adjusted for plastic recycling. They can be burned at appropriate facilities for waste-to-energy conversion. They are stable and benign in sanitary landfills. If disposed of inappropriately, plastic bags can create unsightly waste and endanger some types of wildlife.
Bags are also made with handles, hanging holes, masking tape, or security features. Some bags have provisions for easy and controlled opening. Reclosable features, including a press-to-seal zipper strip, are common for empty purchased kitchen bags and for some foods. Some bags are sealed for clear-tamper capabilities, including some where the press-for-reseal feature becomes accessible only when the outer seal is torn.
Boiled-in-bags are often used for closed frozen food, entrees are sometimes complete. These pockets are usually made of nylon or heat resistant polyester to withstand the temperature of boiling water. Some bags are porous or hollow to allow hot water to contact food: rice, noodles, etc.
Packaging bags-in-boxes are often used for liquids such as wine boxes and institutional sizes from other liquids.
Maps Plastic bag
Medical use
Plastic bags are used for many medical purposes. The quality of non-porous plastic films indicates that they are useful for isolating infectious body fluids; other porous bags made of nonwoven plastic can be sterilized with gas and maintain this sterility. Bags can be made under sterile regulated manufacturing conditions, so they can be used when an infection is a health risk. They are light and flexible, so they can be carried by or placed next to the patient without making the patient uncomfortable like a heavy glass bottle. They are cheaper than reusable options, such as glass bottles. Plastic bags and plastic wrap are also used to prevent water loss and hypothermia in very premature infants.
Waste disposal bag
Flexible medium bulk container
Flexible flexible bulk containers are large industrial containers, usually used for powder or flowable.
plastic shopping bag
An open handbag with a carry handle is used in large quantities. Stores often give it as a convenience to buyers. Some stores charge a nominal fee for the bag. Heavy duty reusable shopping bags are often considered to be better than the use of disposable paper or plastic shopping bags. Due to environmental and trash problems, some locations are working towards phase out of lightweight plastic bags.
History
American and European patent applications related to the production of plastic shopping bags can be found since the 1950s, but this refers to the construction of composites with handles mounted on the bag in the secondary manufacturing process. The modern lightweight shopping bag is the invention of Swedish engineer Sten Gustaf Thulin. In the early 1960s, Thulin developed the method of forming a simple one-piece pouch by folding, welding, and chopping plastic tubes for the packaging company Celloplast of Norrköping, Sweden. The Thulin design produced a simple and powerful bag with a high load-carrying capacity, and was patented worldwide by Celloplast in 1965.
From the mid-1980s onwards, plastic bags became common for bringing daily groceries from stores to vehicles and homes throughout developed countries. Because plastic bags are increasingly replacing paper bags, and because other plastic materials and products replace glass, metals, stones, wood and other materials, packaging material erupts war, with plastic shopping bags in the midst of published disputes.
In 1992, Sonoco Products Company of Hartsville, SC patented a "pile of open polyethylene plastic bags". The major innovation of this redesign is that removing bags from the shelf opens the next pouch in the pile. The team is led by Wade D Fletcher and Harry Wilfong.
International use
The number of plastic bags used and disposed of around the world is estimated at about 1 trillion annually. The use of plastic bags differs dramatically in different countries. While the average consumer in China uses only 2 or 3 plastic bags per year, the numbers are much higher in most other countries: Denmark: 4, Ireland: 20, Germany: 65, USA: & gt; 300, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia: more than 400.
A large number of cities and districts have banned the use of plastic bags by grocery stores or introduced minimum fees. In September 2014, California became the first country to pass a law prohibiting its use. Manufacturers of local plastic bags, under the law, will receive financial support to help them create more durable multipurpose bags, which will be sold by grocery stores rather than given, as well as plastic bags. In India, the government has banned the use of plastic bags under 50 microns.
Environmental issues
Plastic bags that can not be made compost can take up to 1000 years to decompose. Plastic bags are not able to do biodegradation, but they can do photodegrade, a process whereby plastic bags are broken down into smaller toxic parts. In the 2000s, many stores and companies began using different types of biodegradable bags to meet the perceived environmental benefits.
Plastic shopping bags pass the garbage collection process, and are also disposed of improperly and can end up in the river, which then causes them to end up in the open ocean. To reduce the pollution of marine plastic from disposable shopping bags, many jurisdictions around the world have imposed a ban or the cost of using plastic bags. They can also affect the urban environment. Drains and drains can be clogged by plastic bags and have been linked to severe flooding. An estimated 300 million plastic bags end up in the Atlantic Ocean alone, as it runs away from the trash. The way in which bags float in the open water can resemble jellyfish, pose a significant danger to marine mammals and leatherback turtles, when they are eaten by mistakes and into the animal's digestive tract. After swallowing, plastic material can cause premature death. Once the death occurs and the animal body decomposes, the plastic will return to the environment, causing more potential problems.
Marine animals are not the only animals exposed to improper disposal of plastic bags. Penguins can get trapped and suffocate from the bag. Plastic bags can also be misconstrued as materials used in bird's nests, which can cause accidental plastic ingestion. In addition, seabirds, when hunting, feel dimethyl sulfide (DMS) produced by algae. Plastic bags are a breeding ground for algae, so seabirds mistakenly eat bags rather than fish that normally eat algae. (National geographic)
Despite the plastic bags, most recycled plants do not recycle them. This type of plastic in a plastic bag makes it difficult to recycle into a new material. In addition, materials often cause equipment used in recycling plants to become stuck, thus having to stop recycling machines and slow down daily operations.
Hazards for children
Adjustable thin plastic bags, especially dry cleaning bags, potentially cause suffocation. About 25 children in the United States suffocate annually from plastic bags, nearly nine out of ten are under the age of one. This has led to a voluntary warning label on some bags that are harmful to young children.
Usage
Kantong plastik digunakan untuk beragam aplikasi:
Lihat juga
- Film polythene biodegradable
- Biodegradasi
- Bioplastik
- Kotak anggur
- Kantong susu
- Fotodegradasi
- Bahan bakar yang diturunkan dari bahan bakar
- Tas penyimpanan ritsleting
- Tas Ini (film)
Referensi
Bacaan lebih lanjut
- Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & amp; Anak-anak, 2009, ISBN 978-0-470-08704-6
- Selke, S, "Kemasan dan Lingkungan", 1994, ISBNÂ 1-56676-104-2
- Soroka, W, "Dasar-dasar Teknologi Pengemasan", IoPP, 2002, ISBNÂ 1-930268-25-4
Tautan eksternal
- Cara Pembuatannya: Kantong plastik
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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