The Flying Dutchman (Dutch: De Vliegende Hollander ) is a legendary ghost ship that can never making a port and destined to sail the oceans forever. This myth probably originated in the golden age of the 17th century from the Dutch East India Company (VOC). The oldest extant versions have been dated to the end of the 18th century. Sightings in the 19th and 20th centuries reported that the ship would shine with the ghost light. If praised by another ship, the crew of the Flying Dutchman will try to send a message to land, or to a long-dead person. In oceanic knowledge, the sight of this ghost ship is a doomsday sign.
Video Flying Dutchman
Origins
The first print reference for ships appeared in Travel in different parts of Europe, Asia and Africa over a series of thirty years and above (1790) by John MacDonald:
The weather was so stormy that sailors said they saw Flying Dutchman . The general story is that this Dutchman came to the Cape in the wake of the weather and wanted to get into the harbor but was unable to get the pilot to do him and disappear and that since in very bad weather his vision appeared.
The next literary reference appears in Chapter VI of A Voyage to Botany Bay (1795) (also known as A Voyage to New South Wales ), associated with George Barrington (1755 - 1804 ):
I have often heard of the superstition of sailors who respect visions and calamities, but have never given much praise to the report; it seems several years since a Dutch man fought a losing battle in the Cape of Good Hope, and every soul on the ship was killed; his queen passed through a storm, and soon arrived at the Cape. Once reassembled, and returned to Europe, they were attacked by a hard tempest almost at the same latitude. In the evenings seeing some people looking, or imagining them seeing, a ship stands for them under the pressure of the screen, as if he would run it: one in particular insists it is a ship that has run aground in the storm, and it must be him, or his appearance ; but when cleaning it, the object, a thick dark cloud, disappears. No one can get rid of the idea of ​​this phenomenon in the minds of seafarers; and, when they connect the circumstances when they arrive at the harbor, the story spreads like wildfire, and the ghost that should be called the Flying Dutchman . From the Netherlands, British sailors got madness, and there was only a little bit of indiamen, but what was inside, pretending to have seen sightings.
The next literary reference introduces the motive of punishment for crime, at Scenes of Infancy (Edinburgh, 1803) by John Leyden (1775-1811):
This is the general superstition of seafarers, that, in the high southern latitudes on the coast of Africa, hurricanes are often escorted by the appearance of ghost ships, denominations of the Flying Dutchman... The crew is allegedly guilty of crimes terrible, in the early stages of navigation; and have been plagued with plague... and ordained to cross the oceans where they perish, until their penance period ends.
Thomas Moore (1779-1852) placed the ship in the North Atlantic in his poet Written as it passes through Dead-man Island on St. Bay. Lawrence, Late Night, September, 1804 : "Quickly glide along, bleak bark/full screen, even if the wind is still,/And there is no breath to fill the screen." A footnote adds: The lines above are suggested by a very common superstition among the sailors, who call these ghost-boats, I think, 'flying Dutch man'. "
Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832), a friend of John Leyden, was the first to call the ship a pirate ship, writing in a note for Rokeby; a poem (first published in December 1812) that the ship was "originally a ship full of great wealth, aboard a ship that some horrific acts of murder and piracy had been committed" and that the appearance of the ship "was considered by the marines as the worst of all possibilities. "
According to some sources, the 17th century Dutch captain Bernard Fokke is a model for the ghost ship captain. Fokke is famous for the speed of his journey from Holland to Java and is suspected of alliance with Satan. The first version of the legend as the story was printed at Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine for May 1821, which puts the scene as the Cape of Good Hope. This story introduces the name of Captain Hendrick Van der Decken for captains and motives (described by later writers) from letters addressed to long dead people offered to other ships to be delivered, but if accepted will bring misfortune; and the captain has vowed to round the Cape of Good Hope despite having to wait until the day of judgment.
He was the ship of Amsterdam and sailed from the harbor seventy years ago. His teacher's name is Van der Decken. He is a faithful sailor, and will have his own way regardless of the devil. For all that, never a sailor under him had any reason to complain; though how it was on the ship with them no one knows. The story goes: that by doubling the Cape they are a long day trying to face Table Bay. However, the wind guided them, and went against them more and more, and Van der Decken walked on the deck, swearing in the wind. It was not until the sun set that a ship spoke to him, asking if he did not intend to go to the bay that night. Van der Decken replied: "May I forever be damned if I do, even though I must hit here until the day of judgment." And to be sure, he never went to the bay, because it was believed that he kept beating in this ocean, and would do it long enough. This ship was never seen but with bad weather with him.
Maps Flying Dutchman
Visible reported
There are many reports or alleged sightings in the 19th and 20th centuries. Nicholas Monsarrat, a novelist who wrote the Cyrus Sea, is said to have seen the phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean while serving on the HMS Jubilee as a Royal Navy officer during the Second World War. He does not mention this in two volumes of his autobiography or other works and HMS Jubilee does not, in fact, exist. The Monsarrat Connection probably came from his book "Master Mariner" partly inspired by this story (he lived and worked in South Africa after the war) and the Wandering Jewish story. Another appearance is Prince George of Wales, the future of King George V. He was on a three-year journey during his teenage years in 1880 with his older brother Prince Albert Victor of Wales and their teacher John Neill Dalton. They are temporarily sent to HMS Inconstant after a damaged wheel is repaired on their original ship, the 4,000 ton Corvette Bacchante . The princes' logs (not necessarily like which prince, due to subsequent editing before publication) recorded the following for the hour of dawn on July 11, 1881, off the coast of Australia in the Bass Strait between Melbourne and Sydney:
July 11th. At 4 am Flying Dutchman crossed our bow. The strange red light like the ghost ship all shine, in the middle of the pole light, the spar and the screen of the brig 200 meters away stands in a powerful relief as he comes in the bow of the harbor, where also officers from watching from the bridge clearly see it, like it is a quarterdeck bum, which is sent in front of the tower; but when it arrived there were no remnants or marks of any material ship to be seen either near or directly to the horizon, the clear night and the calm sea. Thirteen people together saw it... At 10:45 am, the usual sailor who reported this morning 'Flying Dutchman' fell from the front crosstrees upwards to the topgallant forecast and hit the atom.
Description as an optical illusion
Perhaps the most reliable explanation is the superior mirage or Fata Morgana seen in the sea.
The news soon spread by ship that a ghost ship with a ghost crew was sailing in the air above the oceans, and that was a bad sign, and it meant that none of them had ever seen the land again. The captain was told a beautiful story, and came on the deck, he explained to the sailors that this strange appearance was due to the reflection of some of the ships sailing on the water beneath this image, but at some distance they could not see it. There are certain conditions of the atmosphere, he says, when sunlight can form a perfect image in the air of objects on earth, like the image someone sees in glass or water, but is generally not upright, as in this case. this ship, but upside down - turned down. This appearance in the air is called a mirage. He told a sailor to go up and look beyond the ghost ship. The man obeyed, and reported that he could see in the water, under the ship in the air, exactly like that. At that time another ship was seen in the air, only this one steamers, and was on the bottom up, as the captain had said that this fantasy generally arose. Soon after, the steamboat itself was visible. The sailors are now convinced, and never later believe in a ghost ship.
Another optical effect known as looming occurs when light rays are bent across different refractive indices. This can make a ship off the horizon appear lifting up in the air.
Adaptations
There is a two-foot one-step, two-stage design monohull racing design called Flying Dutchman (FD). It made its Olympic debut at the 1960 Olympics and is still one of the fastest racing dinghies in the world.
In art and design
The Flying Dutchman was captured in a painting by Albert Ryder, now at the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC, and by Howard Pyle, whose painting about Flying Dutchman was exhibited at the Museum Delaware art.
Dutch artist Joyce Overheul also adapted the name of The Flying Dutchman into his crochet pattern design ( The Flying Dutchman Crochet Design ), resembling design similarities that 'roams' the world just like a ship the ghost first.
The story is dramatized in the 1951 film Pandora and the Flying Dutchman, starring James Mason (who plays Dutch captain Hendrick van der Zee) and Ava Gardner (who plays Pandora). In this version, the Flying Dutchman is a human being, not a ship. The two-hour film, written by director Albert Lewin, sets the main action on the Mediterranean coast of Spain during the summer of 1930. Centuries before, the Dutchman had killed his wife, mistaking him for being unfaithful. Providence cursed him to explore the ocean until he found the true meaning of love. In the only plot device taken from the previous version of the story, once every seven years a Dutchman is allowed on the ground for six months to find a woman who will love him enough to die for him, release him from his curse, and he finds her in Pandora.
In the film Pirates of the Caribbean, the ship made its first appearance in Dead Man's Chest (2006) under the command of a fictitious captain, Davy Jones. The story and attributes of the ship are inspired by the actual Flying Dutchman nautical knowledge.
In the literature
Poetry 1797-98 by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, contains a similar story about a ghost ship, which may have been influenced by the story of my Flying Dutchman . One of the first short stories of the first Flying Dutchman titled "Vanderdecken's House Message, or" The Dignity of Natural Compassion "and published in Blackwood in 1821.
Dutch poet J. Slauerhoff published a number of related poems, especially in his 1928 volumes Eldorado .
This story is adapted in the English melodrama The Flying Dutchman; or Ghost Ship: a Nautical Drama, in three innings (1826) by Edward Fitzball (1792-1873), music by George Rodwell, and The Phantom Ship novel by Frederick Marryat. It was later adapted as Het Vliegend Schip ( Flyer ) by the Dutch priest, A. H. C. RÃÆ'¶mer. In the Marryat version, Terneuzen, in the Netherlands, is described as the captain's house, called "Van der Decken" ("deck").
Another adaptation was The Flying Dutchman in Tappan Sea by Washington Irving (1855), in which the captain was named Ramhout van Dam. Irving has used the story (based on Moore's poetry) in Bracebridge Hall (1822). Hedvig Ekdal described the vision of the Flying Dutchman from the books he read in the attic in Henrik Ibsen The Wild Duck (1884).
John Boyle O'Reilly's The Flying Dutchman was first published in The Wild Goose, a handwritten newspaper produced by Fenian inmates transported to Western Australia in 1867.
The English writer, Brian Jacques, wrote a young adult fantasy/novel trilogy of two Dutch crew members, a young man and his dog, who were swept off the ship by waves on the night of the ship it is cursed; however, the same angel who utters the curse on the ship and the crew appears to them and blesses them, filling them in to help those in need. The first novel was titled Castaways of the Flying Dutchman and was first published by Puffin Books in 2001. The second was titled The Angel's Command and was released by Puffin in 2003. The Third Book and the last of the trilogy (due to Jacques's death in 2011) is titled Voyage of Slaves and released by Puffin in 2006.
In the novel The Flying Dutchman (2013) by Russian novelist Anatoly Kudryavitsky, the ghost ship rebuilt itself from an old barge left on the banks of Russia's great river, and offered itself as a shelter to the persecuted musician.
Tom Holt's Flying Dutch fantasy comic is a version of the Flying Dutchman story. In this version, the Dutch are not a ghost ship but ridden by perennials who can only visit land once every seven years when the unbearable odor that is a side effect of the life potion fades.
Roger Zelazny's short story "And Only I Am Escaped To Tell Thee" tells of a sailor who fled from the Flying Dutchman and was saved by the sailor who welcomed him to Mary Celeste.
Ward Moore in his 1951 story "Flying Dutchman" uses the myth as a metaphor for an automatic bomber that continues to fly over Earth where humanity has long since destroyed itself and all life in nuclear war.
The 1964 Amiri Baraka show, the Dutch , used a ship-lost-in-sea metaphor to express the way white American liberals have alienated African Americans in their own country.
In opera and theater
Richard Wagner's opera The Flying Dutchman (1843) was adapted from an episode in Heinrich Heine's satirical novel The Memoirs of Mister von Schnabelewopski Aus den Memoiren des Herrn von Schnabelewopski ) (1833), in which a character attended the The Flying Dutchman theatrical show in Amsterdam. Heine first used the legend in his book Reisebilder: Die Nordsee ( Travel Image: North Sea ) (1826), which only repeats from Blackwood Magazine feature -the features of the ship seen in the storm and send letters addressed to people who have long died. In the elaboration of 1833, it was once thought that it might be based on the Fitzball game, which played at the Adelphi Theater in London, but the course had ended on April 7, 1827 and Heine had not arrived in London until the 14th. Heine was the first author to introduce the opportunity of salvation through devotion a woman and a chance to set foot on land every seven years to find a faithful wife. This imaginary game, unlike the Fitzball game, which has the Cape of Good Hope location, on Heine's account is transferred to the North Sea from Scotland. Wagner's Opera is also planned to take place off the coast of Scotland, although during the final practice he moved the action to other parts of the North Sea, outside of Norway.
Pierre-Louis Dietsch composed an opera Le vaisseau fantÃÆ'Â'me, ou Le maudit des mer, ("Phantom Ship, or The Sea Defendants"), first performed on November 9, 1842 at the Paris Opera. The libretto by Paul Foucher and H. RÃÆ'Â © voil is based on Walter Scott The Pirate and Captain Marryat The Phantom Ship and other sources, although Wagner thinks it's based on his operetta scenario itself, which he just sold to Opera. The similarity of Dietsch's opera with Wagner is slight, although Wagner's statement is often repeated. Berlioz thinks Le vaisseau fantÃÆ'Â'me is too serious, but the other reviewers are better.
Amiri Baraka (formerly LeRoi Jones) wrote the Dutchman drama in 1964. The abstract nature of this drama makes it difficult to draw a direct correlation between it and myth, but its emphasis on fate and calamity repeats the theme of the legend in terms of race relations in contemporary United States.
In music
- In 1949 RCA Victor, the inventor of the single 45 RPM format, was released as one of their first 45s recorded legends in the song in bandleader Hugo Winterhalter's "The Flying Dutchman", sung as sea huts./li>
- Captain's Video (Early Serial Introduction) has an introduction to Wagner "The Flying Dutchman" as background music.
- Jethro Tull refers to Flying Dutchman with a song of the same name from their 1979 album Stormwatch .
- Tori Amos refers to Flying Dutchman in his 1992 B single "Flying Dutchman", A's side is "China". It was re-released in 2012 on his album Dust Gold and was performed on The Gold Dust Orchestral Tour.
- Jimmy Buffett refers to Flying Dutchman in the 1995 song "Remittance Man" on the Soup Barometer album.
- Rufus Wainwright refers to the Flying Dutchman in his song "Flying Dutchman" on the album Poses .
- The Dutch symphonic black metal band, Carach Angren, wrote a concept album about Flying Dutchman Death Came Through a Phantom Ship .
- God Dethroned, a Dutch death metal band, performed the song "Soul Capture 1562" on Flying Dutchman on their album Bloody Blasphemy.
- In the 1969 classic self-titled album The Band, Flying Dutchman is referenced in the song "Rockin 'Chair".
- The Eighties of the Australian band The Hoodoo Gurus seem to tell the story of Flying Dutchman in their "Death Ship" song from the 1984 Stoneage Romeos album, although the lyrics never specifically mention Flying Dutch by name.
- The second song on Rob Bruce's 2001 long All Fools Day album is a song titled 'The Flying Dutchman' which retells the story of Flying Dutchman and his cursed crew.
- The second track of the band Jolly Roger Album, XXV called The Flying Dutchman and describes the crew who received a barrel of letters for the dead before being chased to the harbor.
- Jole Richard Hughes, better known by his stage name S3RL, is a hardcore Australian DJ, record producer and musician from Brisbane who has a song called "Flying Dutchman" based on the fairy tales and legends themselves.
In the radio drama
The story was adapted by Judith French into a drama, The Dutch Mariner, broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on April 13, 2003.
In the video game
The Flying Dutchman is a fraudulent unit in the original Age of Empires computer game. It is a ship that can travel either on land or at sea.
In a multi-platform game 1993 Alone in the Dark 2 , Edward Carnby's fictional detective investigated a missing girl he found was kidnapped by the undead One-Eyed Jack who, in the game, was the captain of his undead < The Flying Dutchman .
The Flying Dutchman is depicted in the sandbox platformbox
The Flying Dutchman is also used as an in-game battleship called Warship Battle: 3D.
In spare time
The Efteling amusement park in the Netherlands has a roller coaster named The Flying Dutchman featuring a character named Willem van der Decken (nl).
Worlds of Fun amusement park in Kansas City, Missouri has a swinging boat ride called The Flying Dutchman.
The Haunted Mansion attraction at Disneyland featured paintings of Flying Dutchman before it became a ghost ship that turned into a ship with a sailing screen that was fragmented during a storm.
At Disneyland Shanghai, the Pirates of the Caribbean Ride in this park features battles between ships under the sea; one of which is Flying Dutchman .
In flight
Dutch aviation pioneer and aircraft manufacturer Anthony Fokker dubbed The Flying Dutchman .
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines refers to the endless aspect of the story by making The Flying Dutchman painting on the back side of all his planes with regular livery.
In education
Lebanon Valley College's nickname is "The Flying Dutchmen", and his mascot "The Flying Dutchman". Name reference location nickname in Pennsylvania Dutch Country.
Hofstra University on Long Island, New York is unofficially named "The Flying Dutchman" and has many references to Dutch culture around the university including dormitories.
Hope College in Holland, Michigan is also the home of "The Flying Dutchman" since it was founded by settlers from the Netherlands in 1866.
See also
- Caleuche
- Peter Rugg
- Wandering Jew
- Wild Hunt
- List of ghosts
- Chasse-galerie
- 90377 Sedna - dubbed the Flying Dutchman
Note
References
Bibliography
External links
- Edinburgh Blackwood Magazine , May 1821
- About the history and appearance of Flying Dutchman
- Especially about the possible source of Wagner
- Melodramatic Treasures: The Flying Dutchman , South Africa and Imperial Stage ca. 1830
- Ship Phantom by Marryat at Project Gutenberg
- Prime Minister of the United States 1841 critical edition of Wagner's The Flying Dutchman in Boston Lyric Opera, April & amp; May 2013
- "The Flying Dutchman , Harbinger of Watery Doom" article on Atlas Obscura
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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