An adverb is a word that changes verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, determinants, noun phrases, clauses, or sentences. Adverbs usually express the way, place, time, frequency, level, level of certainty, etc., Answering questions like how? , by what means? , when? , where? , and how far? . This function is called an adverbial function, and can be realized in single words (adverbs) or with multi-word expressions (adverbial phrases and adverbial clauses).
Description is traditionally regarded as one part of the speech. However, modern linguists note that the term "adverb" has been used as a type of "catch-all" category, used to classify words with different types of syntactic behavior, should not have much in common except that they do not belong to any of the other categories available (nouns, adjectives, forecasts, etc.)
Video Adverb
Function
The English word adverb comes (from French) from Latin adverbium , from ad - ("to"), verbum ("word", "verb"), and the nominal suffix -ium . This term implies that the main function of the adverb is to act as a verb or verb phrase modifier. Adverbs used in this manner may provide information about the manner, place, time, frequency, certainty, or other circumstances of the activity represented by a verb or verb. Some examples:
- He sings hard ( hard modifies the verb the , shows how to sing)
- We left it here ( here modified the verb phrase left it , indicated the place)
- I am working yesterday ( yesterday modifying the verb working , showing the time)
- You often make mistakes ( frequently modify the verb phrase make a mistake , show the frequency)
- He no doubt does it ( no doubt modifies the verb phrase does it , indicates certainty)
The description can also be used as an adjective modifier, and other annotations, often to indicate the degree. Example:
- You enough are correct (explanation enough change the adjective right )
- He sings very hard (very description alters other adverbs - hard )
They can also modify noun phrases, prepositional phrases, or entire clauses or sentences, as in the following example:
- I bought just fruit ( just changed the noun phrase fruit )
- He drove us almost to the station ( almost modified the prepositional phrase to station )
- Of course we need to act ( of course modify the whole sentence)
Adverbs are thus seen to perform various modification functions. The main exception is the modifying function of a noun, which is done instead of an adjective (compare he is singing loudly with his loud singing annoying me ; here the verb sings modified by loud adverbs , while the noun sing is modified with the hard ). However, as seen above, the description can modify the noun phrase , and so the two functions may sometimes be very similar:
- Even camels need to drink The numbers
- Even can be shared by two
The word even in the first sentence is an adverb, since it is an "external" modifier, modifying the camel as the noun phrase (compare even the camel- this camel... ), while the word even in the second sentence is an adjective, since it is an "internal" modifier, modify number as a noun (cf. this even number... ). It is however possible for certain details to modify the noun; in English adverbs follow nouns in such cases, as in:
- People here are friendly
- This event displays a abundant dance
- There is an internationally protein for animal feed
Description can sometimes be used as a predictive expression; in English this applies especially to location descriptions:
- Your seat is there .
When the annotation function is performed by an expression consisting of more than one word, it is called an adverbial or adverbial clause, or simply adverbial.
Maps Adverb
Formation and comparison
In English, adverbs (answering the question how? ) are often formed by adding -ly to the adjective. Other languages ​​often have similar methods for deriving adverbs from adjectives (French, for example, using the -ment suffix), or using the same form for adjectives and adverbs, such as in German and Dutch in where for example schnell or snel , respectively, can mean "fast" or "fast" depending on the context. Many other adverbs, however, are not related to adjectives in this way; they may come from another word or phrase, or perhaps a single morpheme. Examples of such adverbs in English include here, there, together, yesterday, aboard, very, almost , etc.
Where it is possible, information can be comparative, take on a comparative and superlative form. In English this is usually done by adding more and most before adverb ( slower, slowest ), although there are some descriptions that take the form of inflection , such as good , which is better and best is used.
For more information on the formation and use of adverbs in English, see English grammar Ã, § Adverbs. For other languages, see Ã, § In certain languages ​​below, and articles on individual languages ​​and grammar.
Adverbs as "catch-all" category
Adverbs are considered part of the speech in traditional English grammar, and are still included as part of a grammatically taught speech at school and used in dictionaries. However, modern grammarians recognize that words traditionally grouped together as adverbs serve a number of different functions. Some describe the "catch-all" category adverbs that include all words that do not belong to any of the other parts of the speech.
The logical approach to dividing words into classes depends on recognizing words that can be used in a particular context. For example, the only type of word that can be inserted in the following template to form a grammatical sentence is a noun:
- _____ is red. (For example, "Red hat".)
When this approach is taken, it appears that the information falls into a number of different categories. For example, some information can be used to change the whole sentence, while others can not. Even when the sentential adverbs have other functions, their meanings are often not the same. For example, in the sentences She gave birth naturally and Naturally, she gave birth , the word naturally has a different meaning: in the first sentence, as a verb-altering verb, it means "in a natural way", while in the second sentence, as a sentence, it means something like "of course."
Words like strongly provide another example. We can say Perry is very fast , but Perry does not really win the race . These words can modify adjectives but not verbs. On the other hand, there are words like here and exist that can not change adjectives. We can say Socks look good there but not These are beautiful socks there . The fact that a lot of information can be used in more than one of these functions can be confusing a problem, and it may seem like splitting hair to say that an adverb is really two or more words that serve different functions. However, this difference can be useful, especially when considering adverbs like naturally that have different meanings in their different functions. Rodney Huddleston distinguishes between words and lexicogrammatical-word.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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